Essay about Youth in Foster Care Populations At Risk

A population-at-risk I have chosen was the youth aging-out of foster care. By calling it age-out I’m referring to it as occurring both before and after leaving foster care. Nationally, there are 20,000 youth in foster care who are at the aging out of foster care. Generally, these children has been abused or neglected. There are those who feel as if foster care can have some type of impact on this particular lifestyle for these youth adults aging out of this care. Some feel that there may be some foster care homes that may possibly not help the child deal with their situation for leaving their family homes. For example, the child may have been physically or sexually abused, and or, have lived with parents with alcohol or†¦show more content†¦The aging-out youth may possibly have a hard time finding a job. Employment is one way to provide for you and your family and without some type of income coming in then they will struggle financially. Coming out of foster care mos t jobs may not hire you because of lack of job history or experience. Due to a limited opportunity to working jobs while in foster care may result in unemployment in the future. Those who do obtain employment may be forced to work low-paying jobs, making them susceptible to exploitation, poverty, and increased difficulty establishing their independence (Lenz-Rashid, 2004). Education is an initial tool that is essential for the future strength of teens transitioning out of foster care into the real world. Although every child are entitled to education services under federal, state, and local laws, the specific educational needs of the children and youth in care often go incomplete. There are some differences in the educational achievement of youth in care when compared to youth not in foster care. In result of this it may be because lack of residential stability, non-supportive home life, and lack of ability. This particular population tends to pay for the worse educationally than th e general population of youth staying with their families. However, children in foster care face many obstacles which prevent them from succeeding inShow MoreRelatedThe Outlook For Children In Foster Care In The U.S. Is991 Words   |  4 Pagesfor children in foster care in the U.S. is cause for alarm (Zetlin, MacLeod, Kimm, 2012). Disruptive school changes, social stigma and isolation, lack of educational supports, disproportionately high rates of special education services, and exclusionary disciplinary actions have led this population to becoming one of the most at risk populations in areas such as physical and emotional health, juvenile delinquencies and dropping out of school (Gallegos White, 2013). Foster youth experts (FYEs)Read MoreImportance of Transition into the Adult World in Adolescent Foster Care995 Words   |  4 PagesStatement of Problem The transition from adolescent foster care to a point of engaging the adult world represents a critical time in the individuals life (Jones, 2011, p. 1919). This time of transition can be stressful, leading to the development or expression of unhealthy coping ranging from chronic unemployment to criminal behavior (Reilly, 2003). In many cases, the individual will have aged out of foster care, making the transition particularly difficult due to its suddenness and its impactRead MoreThe Outlook For Children Foster Care During The U.s. Is Cause For Alarm ( Zetlin, Macleod, Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesThe outlook for children in foster care in the U.S. is cause for alarm (Zetlin, MacLeod, Kimm, 2012). Foster youth, otherwise known as youth who are ward of the court, are one of the most at risk populations in areas such as physical and emotional health, juvenile delinquencies and educational achievement. This is primarily due to factors such as disruptive a history of abuse, school c hanges, social stigma and isolation, lack of educational supports, disproportionately high rates of special educationRead MoreH. R 4980 : Preventing Sex Trafficking And Strengthening Families Act Of 20141671 Words   |  7 PagesStrengthening Families Act of 2014. It was introduced to Congress on June 26, 2014, and it was enacted on September 29, 2014 (Civic Impulse, 2017). The law was enacted to target several problems: first, to prevent and address sex trafficking of children in foster care (Subtitle A); second, to improve adoption incentives and extending family connection grants (Subtitle B); and third, to improve international child support recovery (Subtitle C) (Children’s Defense, 2014). The law cites the definition of ‘sex trafficking’Read MoreChild Maltreatment And The Child Welfare System Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Foster care is defined as an out of home placement outside of the biological family. Individuals are placed in foster care due to some form of child maltreatment, rather it be sexual abuse, neglect, and/or physical abuse. Adolescents who age out of the foster care system are between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one years old who are still in the child welfare system and have not been adopted. Aging out of the foster care systems means that adolescents currently in the child welfareRead MoreThe Goal Of Healing Homes1621 Words   |  7 Pages The goal of healing homes is to develop and foster nurturing Hispanic adoptive and foster homes that responds to the cultural, emotional, and behavioral needs of at-risk Hispanic youths in the foster care system. Rooted in the belief that every child walks their own path and has the ability to reach full potential, Healing Homes focuses on a curriculum that teaches parents and caregivers how to be better listeners and supportive parents and e nables children to improve. According to Dettlaf RycraftRead MoreThe Challenges of Foster Kids after They Turn 181143 Words   |  5 PagesYouth who age out of the foster care system are faced with several challenges. Aging out of foster care refers to children who are discharged from care, namely care that is no longer provided by the government, usually between the ages of 18 and 21. Many of these young adults are forced into independence, with little to no resources helping them assume adult responsibilities. Youth that age out of the foster care system have a higher likelihood of becoming homeless, lack job training skills, andRead MoreHomeless Teenagers: A Vulnerable Population951 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Homeless Teenagers: Vulnerable Population Introduction Homeless teenagers are a vulnerable population that faces many challenges just in terms of daily existence in addition to their overall development in the transitioning to adulthood. Current studies are reported to indicate that the primary cause of homeless among youth is family dysfunction in the form of parental neglect, physical or sexual abuse, family substance abuse, and family violence. (Runway Homeless Youth and Relationship Toolkit,Read MoreThe History, Strengths, and Limitations of the Renaissance Scholars Program 1172 Words   |  5 PagesState News 2008). RSP seeks to alter and improve the standards of care for transitional aged youth leaving the foster care system and transitioning into secondary education (Fresno State News 2008). Furthermore, RSP is centered on creating a linked network of services for support through varied departments at Fresno State University (Fresno State News 2008). Also, RSP uses community resources to ensure this high risk student population receives services that prolong and increase their positive academicRead MoreThe California Youth Transitions To Adulthood Study1089 Words   |  5 Pagesaging out population or to identify predictors that were associated with outcomes of interest. Through interviews with foster care youth ages 17 through 21, the Midwest Study found perceived unmet needs for independent living services that were compounded by mental health issues and availability of social supports (Courtney, Terao, Bost, 2004; Katz Courtney, 2015). The California Youth Transitions to Adulthood Study included a series of longitudinal surveys and interviews with youth and showed

Famous American And Political Journalists - 932 Words

Famous American and political journalists P.J. O’Rourke and Carl Bernstein took the stage at E.J. Thomas Performing Arts Hall on March 31, 2016 to discuss current U.S. political and economic issues. Their performance was a part of the John S. Knight Foundation’s lecture series hosted at The University of Akron. Anxious guests talked amongst themselves until the President of The University of Akron, Scott Scarborough took the stage at approximately 7:42 p.m. to explain the night’s roadmap and introduce the evening’s moderator, Dr. John Green. Before talking politics, Dr. John Green, Director of the Ray C. Bliss Institute and Interim Dean for the College of Arts and Sciences, introduced the two speakers. Their speeches were well intentioned and felt almost too rehearsed. When discussing performance, we often don’t think about politics or political lectures. In a way, I suppose we as a society want to believe that these leaders aren’t acting or performing. Unfortunately, in this year’s presidential race, as well as the debate I attended, it’s all pre-scripted. With that in mind, I think back to the first discussion post we were asked to write about the many ways life is scripted. Nachmanovitch writes in Free Play â€Å"There are many situations in which we are inappropriately expected to plan or script the future† (Nachmanovitch, 19). Politics, for example, utilize various forms of scripting. Political figures running for office pre-write speeches that attempts to persuade orShow MoreRelatedThe Progressive Era Of Social And Political Reform1177 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the time from the 1890s to the 1920s a period of social and political reform took place in the United States known as the Progressive Era. â€Å"The era saw the expansion of political and economic freedom through the reinvigoration of the moment for woman suffrage, the use of political power to expand workers rights’ and effo rts to improve democratic government by weakening the power of the city bosses and giving ordinary citizens more influence on legislation.† The progressive reformers from thisRead MoreMedia s Influence On Politics1742 Words   |  7 Pages In the Public Eye: Politics and the Media Much of American life is guided by the influx of information received from the media. This results in the ability of the media to shape or mold the opinions of American society. Media is used in numerous areas concerning politics. â€Å"Without the media’s investigations, citizens would be forced to rely entirely on the information provided by politicians and the government, and would be deprived of an indispensable opportunity to evaluate issues carefully andRead MoreThe Media Regulation Of The Uk1514 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious governmental website making it more visible. This means that the impact of government regulation is more evident in British media than in the American media. BBC is the only media outlet that is not funded by any organization or advertisers. Anyone who owns a television has to pay the license fee, which helps fund the BBC. In the most recent famous case, Prime Minister Tony Blair s administration became furious over a report by a BBC freelance correspondent that the Labour government had â€Å"sexedRead MoreHistory And The United States1463 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of journalism in the United States has spanned from the first colonist crossing the Atlantic Ocean to today’s mass media. Even before we were a country we had printers and journalists writing and printing stories for the people. Looking back, we can divide journalism history into different time periods and see how news reporting developed over time. Some of these time periods include the Colonial Period which spanned from when the first Pilgrims came to America in the mid 1600’s tillRead MoreGood Night And Good Luck : A Cultural Impact1503 Words   |  7 Pagesthe public, and Americans lived in fear of an invasion of the red. This isn’t too different from our world today: instant-access journalism is on the rise, the internet has captured our lives, and Americans live in fear of an invasion of foreigners. George Clooney’s film has a remarkable timelessness to it, which goes far beyond the confines of the screen. Clooney is able to encapsulate the struggles of the past to reflect on our current political crisis. By utilizing Murrow’s famous â€Å"Wires and LightsRead MoreProgressivism : A Wide And Varied Movement Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesProgressivism was a wide and varied movement that changed American values and lifestyles having everlasting impact on American history. Progressivism, ranging from 1880 to 1920, was a well-planned and well-organized movement in the United States having wide as well as diversified goals. Leaders of progressivism movement focused on humanity element and tried to make advancements by promoting liberation to stimulate human force along with exploiting human potential to remove restraints imposed by contemporaryRead MoreIran s State Run Broadcast Media1635 Words   |  7 Pagesspectrum of information and opinions from across the political gamut. The press has traditionally been considered one of the most important campaign tools for candidates, both reformists and conservatives, but also as key resources for access to diverse election news, debates and analyses for Iranian citizens. While the print media generally operated with far greater editorial freedom than the heavily controlled state broadcaster, Iran’s print journalists came under government scrutiny and monitoring duringRead MoreThe World with Journalism 1148 Words   |  5 Pageswho had elders who would give the oral history of their people and who would tell heroic tales. Homer told the story of the Iliad for the Greeks. African chiefs told tales of bravery of their peoples. The same occurred throughout the World from the American Indians, the Mayas and Aztec to the Aboriginals of Australia. Journalism is the passing of knowledge and ideas between people. From the creation of the printing press and Gutenberg’s Bible, print journalism evolved to include included reportingRead MoreMedia Collapse And The War On Iraq1626 Words   |  7 Pagesargued by Gary Kamiya in his article for Salon, by failing to provide factual, unbiased and relevant information on the war in Iraq. This essay will use Herman and Chomsky’s propaganda model to explain how flak and sourcing forced the majority of journalists to report only news that backed the government’s arguments for war, thus skewing the public’s perception of events in the aftermath of 9/11. It will then explain, with reference to John Reith’s Public Service Principles and Johan Galtung’s publicRead MoreThe Censorship Of Yellow Journalism1588 Words   |  7 Pagesmodern critics have considered Yellow Journalism as disclosure of privacy. According to Vanaik, â€Å"Yellow journalism must be opposed, but it is astonishing that methods that restrict the de mocratic rights of freedom of the press and journalists, specifically the right of journalists to protect their sources, should be advocated to tackle problems which should and can be dealt with by methods when are not restrictive of basic liberties.† Provided, Hearst â€Å"made reports to depict the Cubans as savages,

Anger Free Essays

Intense emotion like anger involves a great deal of bodily changes that occur as a result of activation of the sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. At one time or another every one feels angry. J. We will write a custom essay sample on Anger or any similar topic only for you Order Now B. Wats mentioned that when goal-directed behaviour of a child is obstructed and interfered with, anger is manifested. Thus, anger is the outcome of restriction imposed against desires. In other words, frustrating situation on the way for a goal results in anger. The need for catharsis and role of learning also play significant role in anger. Catharsis refers to the release of anxiety and tension, pent-up feelings and dissatisfaction and emotions resulting from daily life struggle verbally and through actions. These are directed towards any one anything that causes anger in the adult person. Children learn to show attack and aggressive behaviours by observing cartoons, movies, and T. V. serial and aggressive models, Observation of live scenes of anger and aggressive behaviour produces more imitation of specific anger action, in one of the experiments by Bandura (1973), nursery school children observed a movie when adults were showing varieties of aggressive behaviour toward an inflated doll. After observing the film both boys and girls demonstrated the same of aggressive behaviour toward the inflated doll. These aggressive responses include punching, throwing, striking with a hammer, kicking and pounding number of blows to the doll. Freud inferred from his observational studies of numerous patients and children that aggression is an inborn instinct. Lorenz too believed that anger aggressions are innate instincts with animals and human beings. This basic anger behaviour should have some outlets, such as competitive sports, hard labor such as gardening, walking, recognizing the stimulus that provokes anger aggression, a persuasive leader, and not rewarding any aggressive behaviour etc. Studies indicated in the past that rage- an extreme form of anger, relatively uncontrollable – can be at times real and at times partial which are termed as â€Å"sham rage†. Sham rage was demonstrated in cats, dogs, primates and other animals by stimulating particular areas of brain, especially the hypothalamus. How to cite Anger, Essay examples

Use Of the Politically Correctness Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Non-discriminatory language and Political Correctness? Answer: Non-Discriminatory Language and Politically correctness Hello friends, today we will speak about the use of the politically correctness. In order to understand the basic of the political correctness, some questions usually appear on our minds. What is political correctness? Where does the political correctness come from? Why the existence of political correctness is visible? Why should we use the political correctness? If we could find the answers of these questions, we would be able to understand the concept more specifically. Well, Political Correctness is conceptualised as the term that is utilised for covering the rights of equal opportunity by the individuals. It is basically determining the rights of the individuals who have the equal abilities like all of us here. We know that we are quite proficient in our language. However, if our language lacks the words that are not understandable by others, we shall fail to express our feelings. For example, racism, homophobia, and sexism are the definition of discriminations that are introduced by the society. People are aware of such discriminations when they grow up in a society. We all know that language plays the most significant role in shaping our actions, thoughts and shared values. When we see a male or female, we start wondering from where they belong, what are their motives, and what are their races. We illustrate a by default image on their mind as soon as we see them in front of us. The utilisation of the language will be helpful for us to resolve these questions on our minds. We are mainly using the political correctness for describing the policies, ideas, and behaviour and languages. These often seek reducing the offence to racial, gender, disabled, and other identity groups. On the contrary, the political correctness may create such offense in a significant way. Here I can consider the political correctness as an intellectual effort that is used for establishing the linguistic value. Moreover, I can acclaim that it helps in encouraging social progress that has been suffered from a great deal of scorn and ridicule. The political correctness movement is categorised into three divisions: The first is subtle, which includes the words like mailman, policeman, or fireman. It refers all people as man. It discriminates the females from being aspiring to these positions more specifically. The second is offensive that contains the words like retarded or gay. When we use these words, we refer to some people who are different to the normal class. The use of such words is sometimes very offensive or insulting for an individual to whom it is addressed. There are more methods of using the appropriate languages to refer to these individuals that will not demean them anyway. The third is blatant, which refers to the black people. It sometimes needs elaborate explanations, but simultaneously, the language is highly offensive. It generally indicates a huge deal of disdain. However, the movement of political correctness is widely dispersed and is not about censorship at its core. People are always free to choose their language as per their perceptions. However, it is necessary to check the form of the language that they have been using towards others. The movement is quite helpful to enlighten the ideas. It is essential for all of us to understand how offensive a language can turn out to be for an individual if we do not use the language properly. Therefore, it is much necessary to select the words wisely. We need to adopt some practices to ensure the political correctness. It is necessary for all of us to be careful while talking about any person. We should avoid the languages that are only addressing the demographic groups. We should even avoid the exclusionary titles such as chairman, we can use chairperson instead. It is necessary for us to eliminate the expressions that are offensive for the individuals with mental or physical disabilities. We know that the disabilities do not define the people by any means. Hence, we should not make them feel down by our use of words. People should always avoid the expressions that overly cautious in describing the racism. Eliminating the religious terms is also essential. We are humans and we are well aware of the human rights. We should not discriminate people and respect others as well as their identity. We should not get defensive when someone rejects the language that marginalises, empowers, and diminishes the individuals. The kind and suita ble approaches are necessarily needed to be adopted.

Adventures Essays - English-language Films, Picaresque Novels

Adventures Of Huck Finn By Twain The entire plot of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is rooted on intolerance between different social groups. Without prejudice and intolerance The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn would not have any of the antagonism or intercourse that makes the recital interesting. The prejudice and intolerance found in the book are the characteristics that make The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn great. The author of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is Samuel Langhorn Clemens, who is more commonly known by his pen name, Mark Twain. He was born in 1835 with the passing of Haley's comet, and died in 1910 with the passing of Haley's comet. Clemens often used prejudice as a building block for the plots of his stories. Clemens even said," The very ink in which history is written is merely fluid prejudice." There are many other instances in which Clemens uses prejudice as a foundation for the entertainment of his writings such as this quote he said about foreigners in The Innocents Abroad: "They spell it Vinci and pronounce it Vinchy; foreigners always spell better than they pronounce." Even in the opening paragraph of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Clemens states, "Persons attempting to find a motive in this narrative will be prosecuted; persons attempting to find a moral in it will be banished; persons attempting to find a plot in it will be shot." There were many groups that Clemens contrasted in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The interaction of these different social groups is what makes up the main plot of the novel. For the objective of discussion they have been broken down into five main sets of antithetic parties: people with high levels of melanin and people with low levels of melanin, rednecks and scholarly, children and adults, men and women, and finally, the Sheperdson's and the Grangerford's. Whites and African Americans are the main two groups contrasted in the novel. Throughout the novel Clemens portrays Caucasians as a more educated group that is higher in society compared to the African Americans portrayed in the novel. The cardinal way that Clemens portrays African Americans as obsequious is through the colloquy that he assigns them. Their dialogue is composed of nothing but broken English. One example in the novel is this excerpt from the conversation between Jim the fugitive slave, and Huckleberry about why Jim ran away, where Jim declares, "Well you see, it ?uz dis way. Ole missus-dat's Miss Watson-she pecks on me all de time, en treats me pooty rough, but she awluz said she woudn' sell me down to Orleans." Although this is the phonetic spelling of how some African Americans from the boondocks used to talk, Clemens only applied the argot to Blacks and not to Whites throughout the novel. There is not one sentence in the treatise spoken by an African American that is not comprised of broken English. The but in spite of that, the broken English does add an entraining piece of culture to the milieu. The second way Clemens differentiates people in the novel of different skin color is that all Blacks in the book are portrayed as stupid and uneducated. The most blatant example is where the African American character Jim is kept prisoner for weeks while he is a dupe in a childish game that Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn play with him. Clemens spends the last three chapters in the novel to tell the tale of how Tom Sawyer maliciously lets Jim, who known only unto Tom is really a free man, be kept prisoner in a shack while Tom torments Jim with musings about freedom and infests his living space with rats, snakes, and spiders. At the end of this charade Tom even admits, "Why, I wanted the adventure of it..." The next two groups Clemens contrasts are the rednecks and the scholarly. In the novel Clemens uses interaction between backwoods and more highly educated people as a vital part of the plot. The main usage of this mixing of two social groups is seen in the development of the two very entertaining characters simply called the duke and the king. These two characters are rednecks who pretend to be of a more scholarly background in order to cozen naive people along the banks of the Mississippi. In one instance the king and the duke fail miserably in trying to act more studiously when they perform a "Shakespearean Revival." The duke totally slaughters the lines of Hamlet saying, "To be, or not to be; that is the bare bodkin. That

Gabriel Garcia Mrquez essays

Gabriel Garcia Mrquez essays Gabriel Jos Garcia Mrquez was born on March 6th, 1928, in a small town called Aracataca, in Colombia. He was raised by his maternal grandparents, but he knew his real parents. He was one of sixteen children. His grandfather was Colonel Nicols Ricardo Mrquez Mejia. He was a veteran of the War of a Thousand Days, and a Colonel of the Civil War. Gabriel Mrquez often used the lessons his grandfather taught him when he was younger, in his books. His grandmother was Tranquilina Iguarn Cotes. She was very superstitious and told Gabriel that there were ghosts in their house, which he also wrote about in his books. Gabriels father was a telegraph operator named Gabriel Eligio Garcia. He had a reputation of being promiscuous and was the father of four children. He was also a former medical student. But, because his parents were poor, his grandparents raised him. When he was 8 years old, his grandfather died, so he had to go live with his parents in Sucre because his grandmother was going blind. While he was living with his parents, his father got a job at a pharmacy to raise some money to help take care of his family. Gabriel went to a boarding school in Barranquilla, and was known as a shy boy that wrote funny poems and drew cartoons. When he was a teenager, he won a scholarship for a school of gifted and poor children in Bogot. This school was called Liceo Nacional and was run by Jesuits. He graduated in 1946 when he was 18. He then went to the Universidad Nacional, which was also in Bogot. There, he studied Law, because thats what his parents wanted him to do. He came to realize that he really didnt want to study law anymore, so he quit to work as a journalist. He moved to Barranquilla, the town where his boarding school was, and got his first journalist job and wrote fiction when he got bored. The book by Franz Kafka, call...

Human motivation essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Human motivation - Essay Example In terms of social status, the person with higher status generally has lesser aggressive behavior than the poor persons. For, the rich have so many choices to choose from. Whereas, the poor are more aggressive for the poor have lesser choices to pick from. Consequently, the poor will try to force the other side to implement their choice. For example, the rich can choose to eat at the exclusive but costly restaurants because they prefer privacy and restaurant ambience is filled with only a few people. Or, the rich can choose to eat a hurried lunch at the fast food chain Kentucky Fried Chicken. Here, the McDonalds place is bustling tight with people both young and old. Thus, a person who does not have social skills usually ends up behaving aggressively in order to get attention or to get the other person’s forced approval. Furthermore, the person that is lesser in social status will be more aggressive because he or she is not after the social status in life but rather what to ea t now, what to wear now and where. According to the journal Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology (Nanale et al., 2004), Homophily is a natural phenomenon. It is the standard situation where people would rather join a group that have similar likes and dislikes as they have. The popular saying â€Å"birds of the same feather flock together† explains this. This is generally true with human behavior. Thus, friendship are more solid between friends of the same interest ( prefer NBA, Soccer, poker, girls, drinks and even nightspots) as compared to friendships between relatives and people who are not friends. As discussed above, the person that have the ability to make choices will have less aggressive human motivation. In turn, these people are likewise less coercive and angry for they will generally not force their wishes on the other persons. To reiterate, a person who can make choices from many alternative actions is less aggressive than a person who can not make choices due to

History of Exxon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History of Exxon - Essay Example The Standard Oil Company in 1899 became the holding company for all corporations listed under the trust, but was order by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1911 to separate from 33 American subsidiaries. In 1972, Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) changed its name to Exxon Corporation with other subsidiaries and affiliates, including Humble also adopting the name Exxon. Exxon had established itself in every phase of oil industry before merging with Mobil Company in 1999. Exxon dealt in oil transport via pipelines and also owns a largest fleet of tankers in relation to its peers. Exxon Mobil Corporation comes second after BP as the world largest integrated oil firm. The company runs oil and gas discovery, production, haulage as well as marketing in over 200 countries around the world (ExxonMobil, n.d). The company is also a major player in manufacturing of petrochemicals (Rienstra, Linsley & Beaumont Chamber of Commerce, 2003). In 2014 quarter 4, Exxon Mobil recorded a higher decrease in total revenue year on year by -22.22 percent, which was faster compared with its competitors’ overall decrease of -16.91 over the same period. Exxon Mobil also recorded a net margin of 7.64 percent, thus achieving higher profitability compared to its competitors, including Royal Dutch Shell, BP, and Chevron (CSIMarket,

International Investment In China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Investment In China - Essay Example However, associated with these opportunities are also risks confronting the businesses in the context of international investment. This essay primarily encompasses the direct investment concerns in the international business spectrum and also presents the case of Shell plc as an example of UK's direct investment in China. There has recently been an increasing trend on the part of the multinational corporations from the developed world to enter into trade and investment with emerging economies of the world. There happen to be several factors responsible to induce the foreign companies to invest in less developed or emerging markets. Samli and Kaynak (1984) refer to the concept of emerging markets as similar to less developed countries characterised primarily with agriculture based economy, high population growth levels, lower income levels, low literacy level, lack of substructure, and lack of capital etc. China is also one of the emerging economies of the Asian world, which is speedily climbing the ladders of economic progress and prosperity through a remarkable growth in various industrial and economic sectors. The recent rapid economic boom in China and open market policy has projected the country's image in the world as an attractive market for international investment (Sun and Chai, 1998). ... Chinese government and financial environment purposefully support and encourage multinational companies to enter the market so that it can affirm the consistent progress of the Chinese economy (Zhao, 2003). In the same vein, several UK companies having identified and analysed the opportunities in the Chinese market are making direct and indirect investment in the country that brings foreign reserves to the country as well as happens to be profitable for the these corporations. Huaning and Colin (2004) refer to the United Kingdom as the pre-eminent investor in China during the recent years among all the European Union countries. Case: Shell's Investment In China Shell happens to one of the major investor in Chinese market. In the year 2002, it entered the oil market of China with an investment of 255m (FT.com News, 2002). The company further expanded its business activities in the country and recently the company confided to a project concerning coal exploitation in a joint venture with a Chinese partner with a prospective investment of about 2.7b, probably the largest ever investment received by the country (FT.com, News, 2006). In this way, Shell plc invested in the Chinese market by way of direct investment. The increasing interest of Shell plc in the Chinese market is reflective of the investment attractiveness of the country with regard to its inexpensive labour, growing economy and surging demand. Determinants And Merits Of Investment By UK Companies In China Changhong and Weili (2002) propound that there happen to be two significant forms through which the multinational corporations invest in a developing country viz.

Strategic Alliances in Supply Chain Management

Strategic Alliances in Supply Chain Management Strategic alliance or partnership is solely depended on trust, faith relationship between simultaneous stages in Supply Chain. This increases ability and dependability of various stages involved in the supply chain. As strategic alliances can be between two or more organisations so each stage should be managed by welfare of the others and should not change or use that stages for own advantage without consideration of the organisation involved. This alliance is kept formal in relationship between two or more organisation to achieve some beneficial goals through business by supply chain. Here organisations also work on their desired needs. Some of the Strategic alliance resources are: Products Distribution channels Manufacturing capability Project funding Capital equipment Knowledge Expertise or intellectual property This alliance is actually a collaboration of firms to work together to form a greater effect than before. There are some reasons which can improve the performance which are : Decision making is done by the consideration of other party. Easy coordination between the parties by their managers with the trust. This result in better operational implementation and scheme valuation. It will lead to redundancy due increase in supply chain productivity. This ensures proper sharing of sales and production information, hence helping in coordinate production and distribution decisions. Above diagram shows the model of forming strategic alliances. Here operating strategy is divided into three structures: Industrial Organizational Government Building strategic alliance and its trust Building these types of alliances is totally dependent on Managers of the organization. Mostly this is done by sharing clean information trusted by every results matching with supply and demand throughout the supply chain processes and lower cost. Here it shows that better relationship helps to lower the cost between the supply chain stages. Example: As far as trust over here is concerned a supplier can avoid forecasting about information received for the retailer. Similarly the retailer can lessen the receiving effort by decreasing counting and inspections on the trust of the suppliers quality and delivery. This ensures better coordination between supplier and retailer. Wal-Mart and PG have been trying to build a strategic alliance that will help for better coordination and actions can be mutually beneficial. A typical strategic alliance formation consists of some steps which are: Strategy Development: development involves feasibility of alliance, objectives and goals, decisions, focus on critical issues, technology and people with their challenges and resources. Partner Assessment: In this assessment partners strength, potential, developing managing styles, preparing criteria for partner selection and understanding their motives for joining alliances. Contract Negotiation: It is the development of realistic objectives among the group and forming the high calibre or developing synergy. Consideration on security of information, termination clauses, and penalties for poor performance is formulated. Alliance Operation: it is linking of budgets and resources to fulfil the strategic priorities, measuring the performance etc. Alliance Termination: It is the winding down of partnership due to failure or not meeting the clauses decided before. Advantages of Strategic Alliance Each partner can concentrate on different stages of the supply Developing competences and learning form the partners Suitability and protection of resources is maintained Developing low cost models hence financial benefit. Types of strategic alliances Joint venture: In this type of alliance two or more firms create legally independent company to develop competitive advantage Equity Strategic Alliance: There is sharing of different percentages of the company. Non-equity Strategic Alliance: It is alliance on a contractual- relationship to share the unique resources. Global Strategic Alliances: It is formed between a company and foreign company. Achieving Strategic Alliance by any Organization: It is agreed that the cooperation and the trust in supply chain are quite important and develops the value but it very hard to maintain, sustain and develop till the last point. Therefore two views have been analysed to categorize into any supply chain relationship. Those views are as follows: Deterrence-based view: In this view a variety of formal contracts are formed amongst to ensure cooperation Process-based view: with this view the development of trust and cooperation is built over a long time with the series of interactions between the parties. In practical situation the contract established between parties and design of such contract is impossible to make where all contingency is accounted in future by all parties so the only way out here is to trust each other and have a long relationship relying on developed contract. Example: If there is a situation where supplier sign the initial contract containing the contingencies with the manufacturers and then those manufacturers turns out of not referring that contract again. So here hope remains to resolve such contingencies with the negotiation. Designing a relationship with Cooperation and Trust Main steps for this are: Assessing the value of the relationship Identifying operational roles and decision rights for each party Creating effective contracts Designing effective conflict resolution mechanism Assessing the value of the relationship First step always becomes the designing of mutual benefit that relationship provides. In most supply chain, member of partnership brings distinct skills needed to tp supply customer order. Example: A manufacturer produces the product which transported to retailer by passing it through various stages and retailer makes it appear to customer. Here next step is to identify the criteria used for evaluating the relationship as well as the contribution of the member. These criterions are to increase the total profits. Stages in supply chain alliances help managers to carry out productive decisions and it makes easy for producing correct decision by managerial level. Therefore leading in productivity of flow in the supply chains. Example: When suppliers work hard to reduce replenishment lead times, the supply chain benefits because of reduced safety inventories at manufactures and retailers. Suppliers are unlikely to put in the effort if the manufacturers and retailers are not willing to share the increase in profit with them. Thus, supply chain relationship is likely to be sustainable only if profits are increased with proper sharing In this step clarification of contribution of each member should be done accurate. For this flexible mechanisms should be designed to monitor the relationship periodically. Example: Chrysler negotiates a certain level of improvement per year with supplier. Identifying operational roles and decision rights for each party In identifying such things managers responsible of various members should know the interdependence between the members. A source of any conflict may ruin the level of trust and may also the level of dependency. There can also be the structure of sequential interdependence where dependency precedes on members. While in reciprocal interdependencies partners come together and exchange information and inputs in both direction. Example: Wal-Mart and PG are attempting to create reciprocal interdependence through collaborative forecasting and replenishment teams. Major example of operational roles is as follows: The relationship among Dell, Sony, and Airborne. Here dell takes order for computers it assembles and monitors that Sony Manufactures. Airborne picks up computers from Dell warehouse in Texas and monitors from the Sony warehouse in Mexico. It then Merges two and sends a combined order to customer. Creating effective contracts Handling and encouraging towards sudden contingencies arouse within alliance is difficult for managers without contracts. So contracts are most effective for governance when complete information is available and all future contingencies are can be accounted for. Contracts play only partial role over long time in maintaining effective partnership in supply chain. Example: Caterpillar and its Dealerships can terminate agreements without cause with 90 days notice. Designing effective conflict resolution mechanism As conflicts are bound to arise in relationships, unsatisfactory resolutions cause the partnership to worsen, whereas satisfactory resolutions strengthen the alliance. So a proper conflict mechanism should give the parties an opportunity to communicate and work through their differences, in the process building greater trust. It is important to be sensitive to the context of the partnership while designing the conflict-resolution mechanisms. Managing Supply Chain Relationship for Cooperation and Trust Effective management of relationship develops cooperation and trust while poorly managed relationship leads to loss in supply chain profits. Good alliance evolves and matures through following stages: Organisational SWOT analysis Core competence identification and focus Outsourcing and partnership need establishment Intent and expectation statement Requirement clarification Partner search and selection Partnership contract and negotiation Contract formulation Operationalization of emerging joint endeavour Monitoring and Performance evaluation Staffing and people issues resolution Continual relationship management Example: Relationship between Marks Spencer and manufacturer of kitchen product provides an excellent example of fair sharing of benefits. After sometime of the products introduction, the manufacturer realized that costs had been miscalculated and exceeded the price at which the product was being sold to Marks Spencer. Meanwhile, given its low retail price, customers found the product an outstanding value and made it a big hit. Strategic Alliances help to Supply Chain of the business There are many benefits of Strategic alliance but managing it is been a difficult task and with probability of forthcoming conflicts in such alliances and businesses. Finally significant part in such alliances is that it helps a lot in supply chain business. Which are discussed as follows? Collaboration For developing an effective collaborative relationship with the supply chain partner the one thing that will help the most to improve communication is ability to understand the value of the supply chain that partner needs to receive from the relationship. Example: Some procurement department might believe that its supply partner should cut their price so low that they no longer make a profit. This is simply crazy. If an effort to understand the total value of supply partner needs and help them to receive that total value package, they will perceive you as a great partner and communication will become easier. Information Sharing Difficult challenge to overcome in collaborating with suppliers and customers comes when sharing of information is to be made clearly. Where the challenge of integrating inter-company processes is to be made for execution. To improve resource utilisation among all supply-chain partners and to increase end-consumer satisfaction across the various enterprises is a new openness that will be guaranteed for all the cooperating players in alliance. The main challenge is to overcome divulge of profit secrets. Supply Chain Improvements Supply chain improvement areas available for strategic alliance relationships: Management of supply channel conflict On-time product delivery Prompt response to complaints Greater consistency in parts, supplies, semi-assembled, and completed products Detailed agreement as to handling of product problems and customer complaints Improved supply chain productivity Specific (quarterly, yearly, etc.) volume commitments Key contacts that are dedicated to your account Improved supplier loyalty Prompt response to quote requests and price problems Confidentiality of shared business strategy Example: Just-in-time inventory purchasing and supplying as exemplified by the famous relationship between Wal-Mart and Procter Gamble has continued to prove successful. Home Depot and Dell Computers have also built powerful alliances with their suppliers for cost saving just-in-time inventory in similar applications Supply chain strategic alliances can help logistics teams provide value Mainly seen that cost centres, logistic departments are most crucial for customer care and good working of supply chain operation. Example: Supply chain management issues are related with aspects as logistics, distribution, and transportation in the paper industry which can be changed to facilitate promising value for customers and end users. In todays businesses the logistics and its associated activities are an integral function of most business transactions. So Logistics service providers account for the local cross-town delivery of a product to a customer or the activities required to facilitate an important global shipment between companies located on different continents.

The Effect of Employee Assistance Programs At the Workplace Essay

The Effect of Employee Assistance Programs At the Workplace Throughout the business world, one of the largest problems individual businesses face is the use of illegal drugs and alcohol. These substances greatly affect the business and workplace environments for many individuals. Employee assistance programs were created to help deal with augmenting substance abuse problems. Employee assistance programs enable a companies and its workers to detect if a co-worker is having problems and aids in helping them to overcome their problems by giving them advice or suggesting counseling. Critics have noticed some problems with this program. One problem is the lack of confidentiality and the fact that co-workers and bosses are afraid to confront their workers. In order for companies to minimize their loss of money, and for employees to stop ruining their lives and the lives around them, the employee assistance program is a necessity. Appropriate prevention and intervention efforts with employee assistance programs will save companies from losing experienced employees, and save employees from failure and even death. The most tremendous problems that companies are facing in the Nineties are the abuse of drugs and alcohol. Alcoholism is defined as a chronic, progressive, and fatal disease. The American Medical Association has recognized alcoholism as a disease since 1956 (Scanlon 9). An alcoholic is identified as having a severe dependency, or addiction, and a cumulative pattern of behaviors associated with drinking. Alcoholism is apparent when someone is frequently drunk, having marriage problems, driving while intoxicated, getting fired, or being arrested (Drug Abuse). A significant difference between being an alcoholic and a drug addict is that drugs, no matter what the age of the user, are illegal. Drug abuse is defined as the use of a drug for a purpose other than for its possible intended medical purpose, which causes a person to be impaired physically, emotionally, and socially. In both cases people use these substances as a way to escape from their problems, and as a way of postponing upcoming problems in their lives (Scanlon 10). Substance abuse is the misuse of any substance leading to a loss of control over mind and body. Employee assistance programs were founded in 1971, and they: â€Å"Have been working to develop and main... ...Tyrone. â€Å"The Quick Fix.† The Seattle Times 22 Dec. 1997: C1. Cooper, Lynn M. â€Å"Work Stress and Alcohol Effects.† Journal of Health and Social Behavior Sept. 1990, 260-263. Dickman, Fred ed. Employee Assistance Programs. Springfield Illinois: Charles Thomas, 1988. â€Å"Drug Abuse Self Assessment Survey.† 23 April 1999. Gerhart, Clifford. â€Å"Fighting Substance Abuse on the Job.† Alaska Business Monthly Aug. 1996:46-50. Goldberg, Carol. â€Å"High Price of Addiction.† LI Business News April 1998:1. Hartwell, Tyler D. â€Å"Workplace Alcohol-Testing Programs.† Monthly Labor Review June 1998:27-28. King, Phyllis A. â€Å"Alcohol in the Workplace.† Supervision 59 (1998): 16-18. Maynard, Roberta. â€Å"Handling Drug Problem on the Front Line.† Nation’s Business Aug. 1997: 11. Miller, Andy. â€Å"Employee Assistance Programs.† The Atlanta Journal and Constitution 30 Aug. 1998: 7. Scanlon, Walter F. Alcoholism and Drug Abuse in the Workplace. New York: Praeger, 1986. â€Å"Substance Abuse in the Workplace.† 23 April 1998. â€Å"Substances in the Workplace.† HR Focus Feb. 1997:1-3. â€Å"The Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse in the United States.† National Institute on Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 23 April 1999.

God and Man in Dracula Essay

The cycle of films produced at Universal Studios in the early 1930s represents, in important ways, the advent and elaboration of the twentieth century horror genre. Among the many themes introduced in films such as Dracula (1930), The Mummy (1931) and Bride of Frankenstein (1935) is that of God and Man. In this paper, I intend to explore this theme by closely investigating the creation of the bride that takes place near the end of Bride of Frankenstein. Although a variety of narrative codes operating in this scene illuminate the film’s meaning, it is the fine line between God and Man that deserves critical scrutiny. The creation of the bride scene opens up with the kites being released into the oncoming storm in hope of catching the electricity from a lightening bolt. We then cut to a low angle shot of Frankenstein running down the stairs towards the laboratory. After reaching the bottom, he runs to a giant electrical machine, the view tilted so as to give the feeling of anticipation as he holds the switch and bites his lip. Dr. Pretorius is shown from a low angle, with light splayed across his face and dark machines looming in the background giving him an almost god-like status. The next shot is a high-angle shot of Dr. Frankenstein, making it seem like he’s cowering in submission, a slave to Dr. Pretorius. With various close-ups of machines crackling and sparking with electricity, we again come upon Frankenstein, looking around, waiting to throw the switch that would begin the process to start life in the dead. By this time he has fully accepted the fact that he is a part of this great misdeed. We then come to an extreme close-up of Frankenstein’s face, underlighting of his face, a serious look on his face like he knows he is meddling with the work of God. Dr. Pretorius then runs to the four large switches and dramatically clicks them on in a shower of sparks (a close-up of the switches hitting their connectors reveals a shower of sparks). A close-up of his face disappears when an electric explosion occurs right behind his head, illuminating the screen. His face reappears looking down upon the creation, wanting it to come alive, disregarding the fact that he is going against God and nature in his actions. Machines crackling and sparks flying from various angles, briefly looking at Dr. Frankenstein’s face again. A tilted shot of Dr. Frankenstein gives the impression that he’s lying down on the machine, trying eagerly to look at the reaction of the body. Cut to a close-up looking up at Dr. Pretorius, then back to Dr. Frankenstein with a top-view, going back to the master/slave relationship between the two. Explosions rock the laboratory, smoke rising to the roof in showers of spark. An eye-level full shot of the laboratory reveals arcing electric bolts and sparks showering the tables with fire. We then have a low-angle view of Dr. Frankenstein which then changes to a high-angle view as he yells upwards, â€Å"it’s coming up! † His gloves and white jacket, coupled with the pale make-up and dark lips gives him an almost sinister look. The body then ascends the wall of the laboratory, the camera placed about halfway up the wall and follows it all the way till it passes by and reaches the top. After seeing part of the contraption disappear through the roof, we cut to a extremely long shot of the whole tower with the machine rising above the roof, after which the camera cuts to a full shot of the body being hooked up to various wires by Dr. Pretorius’ workers. The most critical arrangement of shots then occurs the moment before life is given to the body. The camera cuts back to the lab with an aerial close-up of Dr. Frankenstein who has shadows cast across his face from underlighhting. The same for Dr. Pretorius as we cut back and forth between the two. As the shots go back and forth, the lighting on their faces gets gradually brighter making their eyes seem to sink back into their heads and disappear, leaving only empty sockets. This plays into the theme that they are no longer controlled by God or nature, but by evil. The section ends with Frankenstein appearing on the roof after awakening from his slumber.

Points and Punctuation

Points and Punctuation Points and Punctuation Points and Punctuation By Mark Nichol Point and words and compounds containing that root, as well as terms with the element punct- and some similar (and not so similar forms), are all cognate, deriving from the Latin verb pungere, meaning â€Å"prick† or â€Å"stab.† Such words are listed and defined in this post. appoint: officially fix or set, or assign or name, or equip or furnish as appropriate; an appointee is a person assigned to an office or position, and an appointment is such an assignment, or an office or position itself, or an arranged meeting (or equipment or furnishings collectively); someone who is self-appointed has taken it upon himself or herself to occupy a literal or (usually) figurative position of authority ballpoint: a type of pen with a point consisting of a small rotating metal point from which ink is transferred to a surface on contact; usually called a ballpoint pen bluepoint: a type of oyster cashpoint: British English term for an ATM checkpoint: a location, generally at a border or entrance, at which entry is monitored colorpoint: a color pattern on a domestic cat consisting of a light-colored body with darker features compunction: misgiving, anxiety as a result of feelings of guilt, or distress about anticipation of an event or outcome contrapuntal: adjectival form of counterpoint (see next entry) counterpoint: something that complements or contrasts with something else, the use of a combining or contrasting element in a work of art, or a melody independent of a given melody; as a verb, arrange or compose in counterpoint, or set in contrast dew point: the temperature at which vapor condenses disappoint: fail or frustrate; disappointment is the quality of failure or frustration, or someone who or something that causes such feelings drypoint: an engraving made without fluid, or a print made from such an engraving embonpoint: plumpness end point: the point of completion of a process or stage; as endpoint, a point or value marking the end of a line segment, an interval, or a ray expunge: mark for deletion, or destroy, eliminate, or obliterate eyepoint: the position of placement of an eye in relation to an optical instrument being used flashpoint: the lowest temperature at which vapors produced by a volatile combustible substance will ignite when exposed to flame, or a point at which something suddenly is created or takes place or someone takes action goldpoint: the temperature equivalent to the melting point of gold gunpoint: the muzzle of a gun (used in the expression â€Å"at gunpoint,† meaning â€Å"having a gun pointed at one†) interpoint: a system of embossing braille on both sides of a paper interpunction: see punctuation knifepoint: the point of a knife blade (used in the expression â€Å"at knifepoint,† meaning â€Å"having a knife pointed at one†) midpoint: the halfway point in a journey, a race, or a process needlepoint: embroidery on a base of canvas, or lace on a base of paper, accomplished with a needle; also a verb describing the action of producing embroidery or lace outpoint: outscore, or sail closer to the wind than another vessel pen point: a metal attachment used for drawing or writing with ink pink: perforate ornamentally or cut a saw-toothed edge on, or pierce or stab, or figuratively wound with speech (other senses of pink are unrelated) pinpoint: a very small or insignificant thing, or a small or sharp point such as the point of a pin; as a verb, precisely aim, locate, or identify, or highlight poignant: emotionally cutting, piercing, or touching, or apt or stimulating, or, in the context of smell, pervasive point: a detail or essential point, the purpose or significance of something, a particular place or position or a geometric element marking a position, an exact moment or interval, a degree, stage, or step, a projecting part or marking, a unit for measuring or tallying, a compass position, any of various punctuation marks or other small marks, a short musical phrase, the head of a bow used with a stringed instrument, a small military detachment ahead of or behind an advance or rear guard or the foremost member of a military patrol, one of various positions of a player in team sports, or the credit or goodwill created by making a good impression; as a verb, sharpen or give emphasis, punctuate or mark with diacritics, direct attention to or indicate direction or position (as with a finger), turn to a particular direction, or indicate a fact or probability point blank: at close range point break: the point at which a wave breaks as it makes contact with a point of land point man: the foremost member of a military patrol, or an advocate, spokesperson, representative, or person at the forefront of a movement or organization point of view: a perspective or position for consideration or evaluation of something pointe: in ballet, a position of balance on the tip of a toe (sometimes referred to as â€Å"en pointe†) pointed: having a point, conspicuous, pertinent, or aimed at an individual or a group pointer: a stick used to direct an audience’s attention to a particular part of a display; a hint or suggestion; any of various breeds of hunting dogs; or a type of computer memory address pointillism: the painting technique of applying small dots or strokes of color to a surface that blend together from a distance; a practitioner of this technique is a pointillist pointless: ineffective or senseless pointy: coming to a point, or having various points that stick out pour point: the lowest temperature at which a substance flows punch: a tool for piercing or for applying pressure to a small area, or a hole or notch produced by a punch; a blow or the action of punching, or energy or forcefulness; strike or prod, or perforate or apply pressure as with a punch, or give emphasis or move forcefully; the sense of â€Å"fruit drink† is unrelated punctate: marked with dots, points, or small spots, or an area so marked punctation: marking of an area with dots, points, or small spots punctilio: a detail in conducting a ceremony or observing a code punction: a piercing punctual: on time; the quality of being on time is punctuality punctuate: mark or divide with punctuation marks such as commas and periods, divide into or interrupt at intervals, or accentuate or emphasize punctuation: symbols used to separate and clarify meaning of units of written content, or the act of using such marks, or something that accentuates or emphasizes punctulate: marked with small spots puncturation: the act, process, or state of being punctured, or arrangement or form of punctures puncture: an act of physically piercing or figuratively damaging, a hole or wound made by piercing, or a small depression; as a verb, pierce or deflate pungent: painful or pointed, or having an intense flavor or odor, or creating an irritating sensation silverpoint: a drawing technique using silver on a specially prepared surface standpoint: see â€Å"point of view† touchpoint: a point of contact between a buyer and a seller viewpoint: see â€Å"point of view† waypoint: a location on a route Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Contronyms (Words with Contradictory Meanings)"Confused With" and "Confused About"5 Erroneously Constructed â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Sentences

Free Essays on In The End

The sky was dark and plain. The wind didn't stir even the smallest strand of hair on the bodies lining the ground. Flies buzzed through the air on their gossamer wings, feasting on the rotting smorgasbord that lay beneath them. The bomb had not reached our family, for my father had heard of the threat and we had prepared an accommodating shelter for him, my older sister, mother my boyfriend and myself. We had made it into the shelter merely minuets before the first impact. The 3rd, 4th, and5th impacts creped closer and the following fell away from us. We have been locked down in our shelter for about a month now, and we must stay here for about 3 years to save ourselves from radiation. We have enough fresh water, food, clothes, and even toys and games to survive quite comfortably the whole time. We have clothes in larger sizes to accommodate for the growth. Our shelter is quite large, and we each have our own rooms that are replicas of our own in the houses we used to live in. Time p asses quite well. We have allot of recreational activities. Cory and I spend most of or time watching movies (Via the generator) and swimming. My sister, Jackie, spends her time reading and drawing. I know her activities prove more Constructive, but mine are much more fun. Especially with an attractive male who is thinks I'm attractive. Lets just say we also have some other "athletic" pass-times.... Free Essays on In The End Free Essays on In The End The sky was dark and plain. The wind didn't stir even the smallest strand of hair on the bodies lining the ground. Flies buzzed through the air on their gossamer wings, feasting on the rotting smorgasbord that lay beneath them. The bomb had not reached our family, for my father had heard of the threat and we had prepared an accommodating shelter for him, my older sister, mother my boyfriend and myself. We had made it into the shelter merely minuets before the first impact. The 3rd, 4th, and5th impacts creped closer and the following fell away from us. We have been locked down in our shelter for about a month now, and we must stay here for about 3 years to save ourselves from radiation. We have enough fresh water, food, clothes, and even toys and games to survive quite comfortably the whole time. We have clothes in larger sizes to accommodate for the growth. Our shelter is quite large, and we each have our own rooms that are replicas of our own in the houses we used to live in. Time p asses quite well. We have allot of recreational activities. Cory and I spend most of or time watching movies (Via the generator) and swimming. My sister, Jackie, spends her time reading and drawing. I know her activities prove more Constructive, but mine are much more fun. Especially with an attractive male who is thinks I'm attractive. Lets just say we also have some other "athletic" pass-times....

Half the Sky Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Half the Sky - Essay Example The single fact that the documentary uses real life experiences is justification enough of its validity. The authors and directors took upon themselves to visit the real â€Å"ground†. Here, they get to interview women who have encountered the experiences first hand. This is as opposed to relying on second hand information from others who do not know what it feels like. Endorsements by world renowned leaders have also cemented the support the documentary has achieved. Bishop Desmond Tutu and Hillary Clinton are some of the leaders who have a great portfolio and have supported the mobilisation. Celebrities such as Eva Mendes have also taken upon themselves to work at improving the living conditions of the women featured there in. With such a backing, the film is definitely on the right trend in as far as reaching more afflicted women is concerned (Half the sky, 2012). The need for a global awakening is the common ground for all these celebrities and they all feel a major change can be experienced if everyone who is willing would make a deliberate effort to improve the life of women. The reliance on women in most parts of the world is especially a driving force of the move. As it is, women (especially in the afflicted regions) have to take care of their children; almost alone. This then makes it a trend with infinite possibilities as children are not exempted from the struggle and pain (Half the sky, 2012). Without connecting with the audience, the need to have more people learn about the suffering women are subjected to can only be a dream. The need to bring the situation just as it is, is a necessary measure in ensuring that the intended objective is achieved. As it is, any age group, race, gender can view the documentary. Its universal viewership is meant to go a long way in ensuring that the message goes all over (Half the sky, 2012). By making it an

Managing Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managing Conflict - Essay Example If these three issues are addressed the department will have an increased output on performance. These three points advocate for both good working relationships and performance. The bad working relationship in the department is the cause of the not sufficient performance. I would address the issues in the meeting since supervisors in the organization would be looking for a better working relationships and an improvement in performance. The issue on performance will be focused on having nothing short of the best performance from each employee. This will help shift their focus from disagreement to working. Freedom of speech will be addressed to all employees who have the feeling that they have been segregated from decision making and opinions in the department (Priscoli & Wolf, 2009). This increases the working efficiency and relationship since all employees regardless of race will feel that they are considered as important in the organization. A good working relationship will be a promotion of harmonious working between the employees. To affect the three points, stern warnings and punishment should be implemented. Termination of working contracts and departmental transfers are examples of punishment (Mullins, 2005). Employees will respond positively to the improvement requirements since their working environment and overall performance will be improved significantly (Levine, 2005). Management of conflicts is the best way to promote performance and productivity of an organization. All departmental heads and managers require conflict resolution skills to lead an organization to expected

Ernesto Che Guevara dela Serna Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ernesto Che Guevara dela Serna - Essay Example At such an early age, he was said to have a dynamic and radical outlook. As a child, he already suffered crippling episodes of asthma that afflicted him throughout his life. Despite this sickness, Guevara was an accomplished athlete who excelled in rugby and became renowned for his aggressive playing style (Anderson). Apart from this, Guevara also stood out in chess and took part in local tournaments at the age of 12. Furthermore, he was a voracious reader with interest ranging from Jack London's and Jules Verne's adventure classics to Sigmund Freud's essays about sexuality and Bertrand Russell's treatises on social philosophy. In addition, Guevara was passionate about poetry and photography (James). During his college years, Guevara entered the University of Buenos Aires to pursue further studies in the medicine in 1948. It was during this time that he was enlightened regarding the poor economic and social conditions in Latin American nations. As a student, Guevara frequently traveled around the region with his friend Alberto Granado. Aboard a 1939 Norton motorcycle, dubbed as La Poderasa II, the two set off intending to spend a few weeks of volunteer work at San Pablo leper colony in Peru. This journey was chronicled in The Motorcycle Diaries, which was translated and adapted into a film. ("Wikipedia") In light of Guevara's analysis relative to the poverty and oppression of the masses, he arrived at a conclusion that the answer to the prevailing socio-economic inequities in Latin America was revolution. With this, he also asserted that his ideology required a continent-wide strategy such that the separate nations would be viewed as one entity. From this he derived the concept of Ibero-America, which means united and borderless Latin American region linked by a common mestizo culture (Anderson). This became a central concept in Guevara's revolutionary undertakings. To start off, in his homeland, Guevara participated in riots against the Argentine dictator Juan Peron ("The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia"). Headstart in Guatemala - The Communist Youth After his graduation from medical school in 1953, Guevara traversed Latin American nations including Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador. He ended up in Guatemala where he was enticed to join the leftist regime of Jacobo Arbenz Guzman ("The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia"). President Arbenz ran a populist government that attempted to cause a social revolution through myriad reforms, specifically land reform ("Revolutionary Youth"). Guevara became involved in the Arbenz administration through Peruvian socialist Hilda Gadea, who introduced him to top ranked government officials (Anderson). It should be noted that it was around this time that Guevara acquired the nickname Che, a term he frequently used which is the Argentine equivalent of pal or mate. In 1954, the coup attempt led by Carlos Castillo Armas and funded by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had commenced and continuously gained ground. On the other hand, the Arbenz government was supported by the Communist Czechoslovakia that shipped thousands of tons of weapons to Guatemala (Holland). As a supporter of Arbenz, Guevara joined an armed militia under the tutelage of the

Recruitment and Selection Strategies Recommendations Essay Example for Free

Recruitment and Selection Strategies Recommendations Essay Recruiting for Landslide Limousine Services requires multiple strategies. Confining the company on strategy will immensely decrease the chances of finding quality, skilled applicants with the appropriate attitude towards their position. Recruiting begins with locating potential applicants and enticing them to the company. Advertisements are good, especially for a new company. Another source of applicants is the CDL classes and other limousine companies previous employees. Once a suitable selection of applicants is established the interviewing process begins. The applications are carefully reviewed, along with a background check. This is important because the employees are dealing with high society at times, and it is a commercial driving business. Employees must not have been arrested at any point for certain offenses, especially vehicle or theft related. Once a more refined selection has been made from the written applications formal interviews are next. Formal, face-to-face interviews allow the hiring manager to evaluate ones attitude. The attitude can decide if an applicant would be a good fit for the company and help to raise their image, while a bad attitude would eliminate any customer contact. According to our readings, when conducting an interview certain steps should be followed to ensure the most is gained on both sides other desk. 1) Standard questions, with flexibility is delivery (can be asked in different ways) 2) Set a time and place 3) Pay attention to applicant’s answers and body language. The reason these steps are important is because they provide a uniform method for each applicant. They provide the ability to alter the interview to each individual applicant. Another issue is to make sure not to promise the position to an individual during the interview before reviewing each of the interviews and applications. Some of the areas to pay attention to are an  applicant’s appearance, character, communication styles and habits, intellect, education level, knowledge of the position or craft, special talents, and the potential of furthering their development. The final selection of candidates consists of creating an analysis containing the information gathered during the interview, including the background check, driving records, and their application. This will allow the manager to carefully evaluate and compare each candidate, choosing the most appropriate for the positions available. Workplace Diversity The changes in societies demographics are evident as globalization becomes more common, which creates a more diverse work environment. Managing a diverse workforce will present various advantages (new perspectives on process) as well as challenges (cultural or language barriers). Some of the advantages of hiring a diverse staff are the new outlooks and perspectives of each situation. It will also help Landslide Limousine to cater to clients coming from other countries; the staff member from that area could provide tips on how to better serve the client in a manner that will not be unintentionally disrespectful. Demographics The demographic makeup of Austin Texas, according to US Census Bureau, is mostly white Americans and Latino and Hispanic. The general population, estimated in 2012, is almost 843,000 individuals with an average income of $31,000 a year, and an average of over 80,000 businesses (US Dept. of Commerce, 2014). Keeping this in mind, diversity within Landslide Limousine will not be an issue. According to the average income, holidays and special events will be the most likely first regular busy seasons. Once the reputation grows among the businesses in the area so will the company. This means that Mr. Stonefield must obey the laws pertaining to the varying cultures in the area. Some of the laws important considered for Mr. Stonefield to consider are the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The Civil Rights Act of 1964, prohibits discrimination based on religion, color, sex or origin. This is law is particularly applicable to workplaces employing more than 15 people (EEOC, 2013). The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967- protects employees from discrimination on the basis  of age. Both private and public employers need to adhere to the provisions of the law which calls for eliminating discrimination of employees above the age of forty (EEOC, 2013). The Americans Act with Disabilities Act of 1990 prohibits discrimination in hiring competent persons with disabilities, for public and private employers (EEOC, 2013). Organizational Branding Creating an organizational brand is crucial in creating awareness of the company and recognition associated with the logo and the quality of service. The point of a brand is to create an emotional connection tying consumers to a brand preference. What this means, is that as consumers, some people prefer a specific brand, or level of brand. Organizational branding creates that perception of the company that resonates with consumers who desire only the best; this directs them to or away from your brand. This branding is first achieved by word-of-mouth from employees, friends, and family. As business gains clientele, they will begin to spread their impression of the company. The goal is to ensure that both the employees and the clients are creating the same impression. Each company has their own design to represent their company. This not only provides an image that Landslide Limousine services wants to promote, but it is a reminder of that goal and source of pride for any company owner. Branding methods are as diverse as society and are limitless; but they also set the standard by which to company wishes to operate. Landslide Limousine Services is an interesting name which should make picking a brand less difficult. The more interesting, with a play on words or an image depicting a desired outcome would be really good choices. Interviewing After applicants have submitted his or her application and each application, is carefully reviewed a formal interview must follows. Conducting formal interviews are important because it will assist the hiring manager and the applicant the opportunity to evaluate the positions working conditions. According to, the text interviews are known as scheduled communication. When conducting the proper interview it is important to follow the following steps (Cascio, 2013). Have a comprehensive list of questions to ask applicant in a flexible method. Prepare for the interview and select a  designated time in a quiet location. Pay close attention to applicants and listen to his or he answers with an opened mind. It is important to avoid interruptions and answering the phone when conducting a formal interview. It is also important to avoid making promises to potential applicants including promising applicants that someone will contact them with the results. If promised it is proper to do so to avoid misrepresenting or misleading the applicant. In addition to conducting a proper interview it is necessary to evaluate the following, Appearance Character Communication Intellect Education Knowledge Talents Potential for furthering his or her development and determination References: Cascio, W. F. (2013). Managing Human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits (9th ed.) Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin EEOC, (2013). Discrimination by Type. Retrieved from http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/index.cfm US Department of Commerce, (7th January, 2014). State and country quick facts; Austin (city), Texas. US Department of Commerce – Census. Retrieved from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4805000.html

Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Cognitive Behavioral Theory The Cognitive-Behavioral theory is a form of short-term therapy used by counselors in the psychology and social work fields. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) encourages a blending of behavioral and cognitive therapy models. The theory is based in the belief that the clients behaviors and feelings are heavily influenced by their thoughts. A CBT therapist plays an active role in helping the client prioritize their problems, recognize the maladaptive thoughts that are behind their problems and feelings, and devise and implement goal-oriented changes in their thinking. Background Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) places significant importance on how negative thinking impacts our emotions and behaviors. Dr. Aaron Beck observed that many of his clients had automatic thoughts emotion-filled thoughts that might pop up in the mind (Martin, 2007). Many of these thoughts are not consciously known to the client; however through practice the client can learn to identify the negative and irrational thought. Upon identification the client can then learn to overcome the thoughts. CBT is based on a model or theory that its not events themselves that upset us, but the meanings we give them (Martin, 2007). These automatic thoughts can cause us to become blind to new ideas and have the ability to overcome obstacles. A persons automatic thoughts are rooted in belief systems that were embedded in their subconscious from childhood. When an event happens a person uses these belief systems to help them cope with their difficulties. If there is negative thinking in the persons b elief system, they are more likely to misconstrue the event or issue as too difficult to handle. Cognitive Therapy Cognitive therapy focuses on peoples thoughts and how they affect their emotional, behavioral, and physiological reactions to stressful situations. People often have difficulty thinking rationally when feeling pressured by disturbing life experiences. Through cognitive therapy, clients are able to identify and challenge their thoughts about themselves, the people around them, and the world around them. Behavioral Therapy Behavioral therapy in its most basic state is the encouragement of clients to engage in adaptive behaviors and not to allow pathological internal experiences to dictate the ways in which they act (Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, 2012). Solutions under the behavioral theory closely follow Pavlovs classical and operant conditioning philosophies. A clients negative responses to normal stimuli are typically learned behaviors, because something negative happened the last time the stimulus was present. Through a process called extinction, therapists often try to change a clients negative responses by showing the client that the negative result does not always occur with the stimulus. Using operant conditioning a client will be more likely to engage in activities and behaviors in a positive manner, if they have previously received positive outcomes. If the consequences of their behavior have been negative, they are less like to repeat that behavior. Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) One form of behavioral therapy, founded in the 1950s by Albert Ellis, was Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT). REBT focuses on the clients current, irrational thoughtsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and actively targets them for change (Fraum, 2012). Through REBT the client confronts their irrational beliefs and expectations. After confrontation, the client and therapist are able to develop realistic thinking. Only after these two things are accomplished is the client able to change. Epictetus wrote in The Enchiridion, Men are disturbed not by things, but by the view which they take of them (National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists, 2008). Dialectical Behavior Therapy Another behavioral therapy that is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy is Dialectical Behavior Therapy. Based heavily in philosophy, the main tenet of this therapy looks at two opposing views and works through the therapeutic relationship to blend them together to find a happy medium. The counselor does not make the client feel that their thoughts are invalid or incorrect, but guides them to understanding that their behavior needs to change. This therapy is most often used for clients who have been diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. (National Institute of Mental Health, 2012) Commonalities of Cognitive Therapy and Behavioral Therapy Although there are a few differences between cognitive and behavioral approaches, there are some similarities that allow these two methods to be blended into the cognitive-behavioral approach. In CBT, the client and the therapist work together as a team to help the client overcome their troubles. Often CBT is a short-term counseling method that, typically, only lasts a few months, but it is also a rigorous therapy, in that the clients must utilize their new skills in between sessions through homework. CBT therapists seldom dig deeply into why a client is having the irrational thoughts, but rather stay focused in the present and future. (Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, 2012) Notable People There are many notable people who have influenced Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Dr. Aaron Beck is considered the father of cognitive therapy. Another notable person in the field of cognitive therapy is Dr. Martin Seligman, who is known mostly for his development of learned helplessness. Some key players in the development of behavioral therapy include Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, and B. F. Skinner. In 1955, Albert Ellis developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. He is considered the founder of cognitive-behavioral theory. Dr. Samuel Yochelson and Stanton Samenow are known for their collaborative research and findings in the treatment programs of juvenile and adult criminal offenders. Aaron T. Beck, M.D. Dr. Aaron Beck started his career with as the Assistant Chief of Neuropsychiatry in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Department Of Psychiatry, Penn Behavioral Health, n.d.). In 1954, he joined the University of Pennsylvanias Psychiatry Department. While there, he explored psychoanalysis which led to his development of cognitive therapy. (Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, n.d.) Through his research he realized that his clients had negative thoughts that popped into their heads automatic thoughts. These automatic thoughts centered on themselves, the world and the future. These distorted thoughts then begin to affect the clients lives leading to the disorders they are diagnosed with. Ultimately they stem from a persons core belief systems and are formed throughout the persons life. (Beck, 1997) Albert Ellis, Ph.D. REBT was developed by Dr. Ellis in the 1950s. After spending several years practicing psychoanalysis, he found the he disliked the in-efficient and in-directive nature (National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists, 2008). Dr. Ellis established the ABC model of emotions, which was later modified into A-B-C-D-E approach. Sessions Cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions have a structure. Structure is important, because it allows for the most effective use of time. CBT sessions are usually only about 50 minutes long, happen once a week or once every two weeks, and only continue for a few months to a year. In the beginning of therapy the client and counselor discuss what issues and trouble the client is having. Next, they work on prioritizing the issues. These activities fall under stage I of the Egan Model. Under stage II, the client discusses their ideal self or what they want. This allows the client, with the guidance of the helper, to set realistic goals for themselves. In the final stage, the client and counselor explore the options available and there are always options and find the option or options that best work for the client. The last step is to produce an action plan. Throughout the process the client often has homework. This homework is usually meant to help the client identify the triggers for their anxiety or problems and the feelings that surround those events. As the process moves forward the assignments will coincide with whatever step the client is currently working on. Techniques Due to the blending of theories and therapies, there are more than three dozen techniques available to cognitive-behavioral therapists. The selection includes cognitive, emotive, and behavioral techniques that make a well-rounded selection that can be tailored to the individual clients needs and wants. The ABC (also known as the ABCDE) Technique is most closely identified by its creator, Dr. Ellis, and under REBT. Other major techniques include cognitive reconstruction, exposure, reframing, and journal writing. Another widely used, yet somewhat controversial technique is self-disclosure. ABC/ABCDE Technique or Rational Self-Analysis Dr. Ellis created this technique to help people identify and understand why they are behaving the way they are to certain Activating Events. The Activating Event ((A)) is often seen as the reason for the clients initial emotions and behaviors (Consequences or (C)). In reality there is another step in between the clients Beliefs ((B)). While the (A) triggers the (C), the (B) is what actually causes the (C). Dr. Ellis went continued to develop this technique and it was later modified to include three additional steps Disputing ((D)), New Effect ((E)), and Further Action ((F)). Once the client has been able to identify the (A), (B), and (C), they are then able to move forward and challenge their Beliefs through Disputing. They, also, evaluate how they would prefer to feel or behave the New Effect. Finally, the client develops their Further Action plan to avoid a relapse. Cognitive Restructuring While Rational Self-Analysis is part of the process of Cognitive Restructuring, it is not the whole process. Cognitive Restructuring is a set of techniques that helps the client identify, challenge, and change their distorted thoughts. Common thought distortions often include words like: always, must, and never. They also stem from Dr. Elliss list of irrational beliefs (appendix A) and a list of cognitive distortions influenced by Dr. Beck (appendix B). There is a Cognitive Restructuring Worksheet (Appendix C) that counselors and clients may find useful in when utilizing this technique. Exposure Exposure Therapy is an emotionally intense, yet effective way for clients to confront their fears, especially those with anxiety disorders. Through a series of extremely carefully planned sessions, the client is introduced or exposed to the trigger (stimuli) that is causing the anxiety (classically conditioned response). Over time the client is able to see and comprehend that nothing bad will happen and the anxiety lessens. The therapist often uses Exposure Therapy in conjunction with relaxation skills and cognitive reconstruction techniques. In addition to anxiety disorders, an adaptation of Exposure Therapy is sometimes used for people with sexual disorders. Self-disclosure Self-disclosure is when the therapist briefly tells the client something personal about themselves that may be of value to the client and the therapeutic relationship. This technique can be difficult to manage effectively and is somewhat controversial. If the therapist is going to utilize this technique, they must use it carefully and sparingly. Where this technique can become problematic is when the focus shifts from the client to counselor. Too much divulging of information can lead to the client being uncomfortable or feeling like the relationship has changed. When used appropriately; however it can show the therapists empathy to the situation the client is facing. Case Study Synopsis Client is a 52-year-old female widower with two daughters. Her husband died seven years ago. Her relatives live 50 miles away. Client was accused of a work-related incident, after which she became anxious. Client is currently on medication with effects consistent with an antidepressant. Presenting problems included poor memory, lack of concentration, confusion and slowness. The client met the DSM-IV criteria for a major depressive episode. The client was given several clinical scales to rate herself on. These scales were completed prior to every session and discussed briefly during the session.as a means of verifying efficacy. The therapist used the five systems model to help the client analyze her thoughts and recognized negative automatic thoughts and behaviors. She was given daily activity monitoring sheets, although she was successful at many activities very few gave her any pleasure. Due, in part, to years of sexual abuse by her father, the client felt that something was wrong w ith her. She felt like she didnt fit into her family. By using a more detailed variation of the ABC Technique, the client and therapist were able to identify stressful situations; discuss the emotions, behavior and physical reactions to the situations; and recognized the underlying negative beliefs. The therapist utilized behavioral experiments to help the client challenge her core beliefs and recognize the differences in how she felt. Final Thoughts I chose this theory because I felt that it is the one I was most likely going to use, when I become a licensed psychologist. The multiple views and varied techniques available for the client make it seem like the one theory that can be tailor fit for each individual. What I found out through my research; however, is that the cognitive-behavioral approach does not dig deeply into the why someone has the beliefs they do. The why is what drew me to the field of psychology and human services in the first place, so I need to investigate other theories, career opportunities, and techniques to find my right fit. Ideally, I would like to investigate the criminal mind more closely and help the prison population overcome their psychopathological issues. I still feel that many of the cognitive-behavioral techniques can be useful in discovering the why, so I will likely use them in my ultimate career field.

Maximizing Profits as the Main Goal Essay -- Economics Business Manage

Maximizing Profits as the Main Goal The traditional theory (neoclassical) assumes that firm’s primary objective is to maximize profits. That is if the firm is owner controlled. This assumption is based on that firms makes the output and price decisions. Also, that firm takes all necessary actions to earn the greatest profit possible. The managerial theory assumes firms do not necessarily act in order to maximize profits. The basic tenet behind this is the separation of ownership from management, complexity of the organisation and the firm’s manager maximizes his own utility and growth rather than profits. The reason for this is that managers may be judged by the level of sales revenue. I will be providing supporting arguments for and against this assumption â€Å"that the firm’s main motivation is to maximise profits† and draw a conclusion by analysing the firms behaviour as well as further discussing the theories of firms. Profit maximising assumption is based on two premises, firstly that owner is in control of day-to-day management of the firm and secondly that the main desire of owners is to make a higher profit then the amount they invested in the firm. Since this assumption is based on two assumptions, therefore if these two premises don’t hold is it understandable to believe that firms goals is not to maximize profits. Well, this will depend on the motivation of individual firms. If a firm’s ownership and control are in the hands of a single person or small groups of people, then it’s reasonable to assume that the firm’s owners’ goal is to maximize profits. But most of today’s firms are owned by shareholders and other large cooperation, but day-to-day control of the firm is under management. Therefore, the objectives of managements may differ from the shareholders and conflicts may arise. â€Å"For example Baumal (1959) suggest that the manager-controlled firm is likely to have sales revenue maximization, as its main goal than profit maximization favoured by shareholders† (Applied Economics 7th ed. p54). Also, studies of 177 firms between 1985 and 1990 by Conyon and Gregg (1994) found that the pay of top executive of large firms in UK was mostly related to sales growth. Other studies have found that profit was the most important determinant of executive income. For example â€Å"A survey by Management Today in 1990 asse... ..., argued that regardless of how actual firms may behave and constraints on rationality they may be subject to, the surviving firms are those who attained high profits. Due to the strength of these arguments, we tend to accept profits maximization theories are justifiable. Bibliography Alchian, A (1950), â€Å"Uncertaintity. Evolution, and Economic Theory†, Journal Of Political Economy. 58(3), 211-221. Buzzel, R, & Gale, B. (1987). The PIMPS Priciples, Strategic Planning Insitute. Conyon, M & Gregg, P. (1994). Pay at the top: a study of the sensitivity of top director remuneration to company specific shocks, National Institute Economic Review, August. Friedman, Milton (1953), Essay in Positive Economics, Chicago: Chicago University Press. Griffith, Alan & Wall, Stuart (1997). Applied Economics: An Introductory Course. 7th Ed. Lipsey & Chrystal (1999). Priciples of Economics. 9th Ed. Marris, R. (1964) The Economic Theory of Managerial Italism, Macmillan. Sloman, J (2003).†Economics†. Prentice Hall. 5th ed William, K. â€Å"Objectives†. Can be found on: http://william-king.www.drexel.edu/top/prin/txt/MPch/firm2.html. Accessed 4th of February 2005.