Smed, Continuous Improvement Activity for Crank Changeove

GM INDIA POWERTRAIN PROJECT TRAINEE TOPIC SUMMARY Name of Trainee: SYAMLAL. A. R Qualification: Mechanical Engineering Institute: National Institute of Technology, Calicut Project Guide: Vinayak Angane Title of the project: SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die), continuous improvement activity for crank changeover process. Brief Description of the project: Use SMED techniques to reduce changeover time through system for crank machining to throughput simulation approved levels. Activities to be performed by trainee: * Update crank changeover board to reflect the current. Create and manage tracking sheet of changeover issues and countermeasures. * Measure changeover times by operation. * Get changeover within ‘OEM’ specified timing by end of project. Learning/Expectation of the trainee at the end of term: * Understand process of manufacturing crankshaft. * Understand how to implement continuous improvement process on shop floor. * SMED research and implementation. ACKNOWLED GEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to all the people in the General Motors Power Train department for helping me with my project.I would like to thank the Human resources managers who gave me an opportunity to undertake such a project in a world renowned company as General Motors. I would also like to thank all the operators who passed on all the knowledge that they could in two months to help me understand all the processes. They also helped me in various situations where it seemed that my project would come to a standstill, giving me exactly what I needed to go on. Next I would like to thank the each and every single person in the crank line who helped me and guided me in every step.They provided me with the resources and made suggestions that helped me improve and build a base for my ideas. I would also like to thank my fellow project trainee who had much more experience than me. He helped me to take off on my own path to completing the project with his valuable suggesti on and ideas. Above all I would like to thank him for being a very good friend at the hour of need. I cannot fail to mention the undying support of Mr Kisan Kapse, Mr Prashant Kurde and Mr Bharat Sawant who helped me in every stage of the project. They were of great help in difficult times.I am deeply in debt to them whose stimulating suggestions and encouragement helped me in times. Last but not the least I would like to thank my project guide Mr Vinayak Angane who looked closely throughout the project, correcting and offering suggestions for improvement. He took time off his busy schedule to explore me with alternate approaches to my problem and with ideas that could never have occurred to me on my own. INTRODUCTION The General Motors powertrain in Pune machines cam carrier, cylinder Head, cylinder block and crankshaft. GMI powertrain in Pune is a level IV flex plant.This power train plant is the one and only Level IV Flex plant in India. A level IV flex plant means that the plant can machine different types of the same component in the same machine. This is done by changing the die holding the component and also changing the program mentioning where to machine. My project revolves around the SMED of crankshaft. Some different parts constitute of the Cylinder block, Cylinder head & the Crankshaft. The crankshaft is the part of an engine which translates reciprocatinglinearpiston motion into rotation.Basically the crankshaft powers the engine. Crankshafts can be monolithic (made in a single piece) or assembled from several pieces. Monolithic crankshafts are most common, but some smaller and larger engines use assembled crankshafts. The different types of crank made in GM Powertrain Talegeon plant are 1. 0 xSDE, 1. 2 BDOHC, 1. 3 xSDE and 1. 4 BDOHC. SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) is a method for rapidly and efficiently converting a process from running the current product to running the next product. SMED is also often referred to a Quick Changeover.The SMED method can, and often is, used in starting up a process and rapidly getting it to running condition with minimum waste of time. SETUP CHANGE / CHANGEOVER Setup change/ Changeover is preparation, execution of activities in work station which includes hardware changes, sometimes software changes e. g. : locator centres, chuck jaws, steady program calling etc. to produce good to good parts. Change over time is defined as the time difference of the last product produced and the next new product produced with the right quality and at the right speed. The production capacity of a plant is determined by the changeover time.Unless the changeover time is reduced to the bottleneck the production can’t meet the target Production sites with long setup times are characterised by * Low flexibility of the component * Large batch sizes * High levels of stock If we decrease the setup change time then we could use the extra capacity either to increase productivity or to decrease the batch sizes. There are many benefits likereduction in lead time and therefore increased, improved and faster delivery, higher productivity and therefore satisfying customer needs faster, Reduction in working capital, less disturbances etc.SINGLE MINUITE EXCHANGE OF DIE (SMED) The process of changing die is called Single Minute Die Exchange (SMED). Single-Minute Exchange of Die  (SMED) is one of the many  lean production  methods for reducing waste in a manufacturing process. It provides a rapid and efficient way of converting a manufacturing process from running the current product to running the next product. This rapid changeover is the key to reducing production lot sizes and thereby improving flow. The phrase â€Å"single minute† does not mean that all changeovers and start-ups should take only one minute, but that they should take less than 10 minutes.In short it should be a single digit number. The different features of SMED are: * It is a systematic approach that decr eases disturbances and problems * The main factor that can lead to its success are team work & creativity * SMED methods are used for exchange of dies, but it can also be used for cleaning and for maintenance purposes. IMPORTANCE OF REDUCING CHANGEOVER TIME Reducing changeover time is like adding capacity, increasing profitability and can help most manufacturers gain a competitive edge.Image a pit crew changing the tires on a race car. Team members pride themselves on reducing changeover by even tenths of a second because it means that their driver is on the road faster and in a better position to win. The same philosophy applies to manufacturing – the quicker you are producing the next scheduled product, the more competitive you are. Reducing changeover times is a fundamental requirement of any company to take lead over the other in production and maintaining top position.By understanding the principles and practices of the SMED system organisations will be able to cut chang eovers by over 50% with very little expenditure, and to single minutes with the modification of tooling and fastening systems. Single Minute Exchange of Dies can be applied to any changeover operation and aims to reduce the overall downtime for a complete changeover to less than nine minutes. An understanding of the operational benefits to be gained from the fast exchange of tooling. The interaction of a multi-disciplined workforce constructively looking to eliminate waste from the changeover process.How unstable setups can adversely affect subsequent operations and how standard operating procedure can eliminate these concerns. A team approach in understanding the methodology used in applying SMED through theoretical explanation and practical involvement in actual changeovers. SMED IMPLEMENTATION To successfully implement SMED in a system is a difficult task. Therefore to successfully guarantee the implementation of the process, the following steps should be followed closely. STEP 1 – FOCUS * Start by choosing the right equipment to start with. . This is normally a bottle-neck with long set-up times STEP 2 – BUILD THE RIGHT TEAM Work cross-functional. Operators, Technicians, Engineers and Managers should worktogether STEP 3 – MEASURE AND SET GOALS * Visualize the present situation and agree on a common goal STEP 4 – 5S * To succeed you will need a clean and well organized work-place. A 5S implementation is recommended. This process will be explained in detail as we move ahead. STEP 5 – ANALYSIS * Keenly observe the operations and processes. Analyze the present situation video-technique. The different moments are classified as being external or internal and waste or not waste. All known disturbances are listed as well.STEP 6 – SEPARATION BETWEEN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL MOMENTS * The purpose is to secure that all external set-ups are performed when the machine is running. Use checklists, function controls and improved tran sports. For example collect necessary tools and consumables before the next operation starts up or sharp the tools before activity starts. STEP 7 – ELIMINATION OF WASTE * Measures are carried out to reduce all types of waste. This includes: * Elimination of all need for adjustments. * Exchange of bolts for quick-fasteners. * Standardized parts, tools, dimensions Need for quality control STEP 8 – FOLLOW UP AND IMPROVE * Each changeover should be so planned that it is better and faster than the previous one. Each changeover should be analysed and properly documented which includes suggestion that could make it faster THE 5S SYSTEM â€Å"5S† is a method to create a safer, cleaner, and better-organized workplace. The five S in the process stand for: * SET IN ORDER The principle here is to keep things in their proper places. One guide to proper placement is to keep frequently-used items handy, and store other things where they can be found.In reference to a workplace , it means: At present the tools required for the changeover process are stored in red tool carts and the carts are kept in a specific location for easy access. The tool carts are rolled to the machine where changeover is taking place at the required time. SORT Every tool which is used for a changeover process must be tagged and identified properly. All the operators involved in the changeover must be aware of the location and purpose of the tool. SHINY CLEAN This is the exception – the only one-time activity in the 5S method. This stage has two goals: Determine and gain agreement on the desired level of cleanliness * Learn how to make new routines so this will become standardized STANDARDIZED CLEANUP In this phase consider the sources of dirt: air-borne dust; sawdust or other dry powder from cutting operations; splatter from wet processes; or simple trash because there is no proper container. A practical target is to have all workers take five minutes every day to tidy up af ter themselves – including the time to complete and sign the checklists. Supervisors should monitor compliance with the clean-up. The checklists make this both important and achievable.SUSTAIN This phase is perhaps the most important concept that includes instilled discipline, self-discipline, common cultural values, and self-motivated practice to improve. This step requires continued management support and communication. It brings out the leadership qualities of the employees and also improves their human values too. All these activities should be followed up on a regular basis with full commitment and hard work from all operators as well as managers for SMED to be a success. ACTIVITIES PERFORMED * Understood process of manufacturing crankshaftUnderstood the process of manufacturing crankshaft with the process flow of current status and different machines involved. * Understood activities performed by different machines OP 10:Machine: HELLER * Mill the lengths * Centring * O rbital and hollow milling OP 20:Machine: HELLER * Rough milling of mains/pins incl. * Counter weights and incl. * Rough diameter of mains and pins OP 25:Machine: HELLER * Broaching of mains and journals OP 30:Machine: HELLER * Outer Diameter milling of pins OP 40 (A & B):Machine: NTC * Drill and camphor oil holes OP 50:Machine: ELOTHERM * Washing Hardening (only for xSDE) * Tempering (only for xSDE) OP 60:Machine: HEGENSCHIEDL * Deep rolling * Strengthening OP 70:Machine: NTC * Recenter both ends OP 80:Machine: NILES-SIMMONS * Finish turning * Thrust face and hub outer diameter and post end shoulder * Post process measuring OP 100 (A & B):Machine: LANDIS * Grinding mains and pins OP 110 (A & B):Machine: NTC * Ream index holes * Milling keyway * Machine reluctor ring holes and flange holes OP 120:Machine: ROBOTIC * Brush * Check oil holes OP 140:Machine: LANDIS * Grinding Flange and post ends OP 160:Machine: SCHENK BALANCE Balancing OP 170:Machine: SUP FINA * Polish mains and pins * Thrust face and flange outer diameter (2 stations) OP 180:Machine: FINE TEC * Wash and dry OP 190:Machine: HOMMEL * Final inspection (2 stations) OP 200:Machine: MANUAL * Manual assembly of dowel pin SMED FOR CRANKSHAFT CHANGEOVER My project revolves around the changeover process in the crankshaft line. My project activities can be divided into the following: * Documentation of the changeover process for the entire crankshaft line. * Identified and separated internal and external activities for the changeover process. To define separate activities for different operators. My activity here consists of reducing changeover time. TO REDUCE CHANGEOVER TIME USING SMED TECHNIQUES The steps involved in reducing the changeover tie using this method are: 1. Observe the current methodology 2. Document it appropriately 3. Separate the INTERNAL and EXTERNAL activities. Internal activities are those that can only be performed when the process is stopped, while External activities can be done whil e the last batch is being produced, or once the next batch has started.Make sure it is properly documented. 4. Do most of the activities to be done during the changeover to be done when the previous batch is being done or while the buffer is running. 5. Try to simplify each and every process. 6. The procedure as well as the measures taken to simplify the timings should be well documented and easily accessible. 7. Keep a standard improvement percentage for each new changeover. Teamwork, meaning several operators sharing changeover operations in order to minimize the stop time is also scarce.As changeovers take time, cause productivity loss and carry costs, the temptation is to dilute them in changing less often by launching bigger batches. This policy ends up with higher inventories and lower agility for the production. Documented the current changeover process The machine is usually stopped and all changeover operations happen in sequence, while the machine is stopped. The machine w ill start again only after completion of adjustments and trials. Most often all these operations are done without any standard method nor procedures or checklists.This means the changeover sequence, and hence its duration is related to individual know-how, skills and habits. During this stage: * Agreed on the start and end of the changeover * Observed the changeover * Recorded ALL observations * Organized it and created changeover table * Record times for each element The time required for each individual steps were measured and added to the table for OP 20, OP 25, OP 30 and OP 40. Recorded and organized all observations for OP 20, OP 25, OP 30, OP 40, OP 60, OP 70, OP 80, OP 100 and OP 160 and created a table as follows:Separated INTERNAL and EXTERNAL activities Another important process is separating the internal and external activities performed during changeover. This is a serious procedure which must be done with a lot of care, which will help in the reduction of changeover tim e. During this stage: * Identified whether each step in the changeover is ‘internal’ or ‘external’ * INTERNAL activities are those which can be performed only when the machine is stopped (e. g. : removing or clamping jaws) * EXTERNAL activities are those which can occur while the machine is running (e. g. returning tools to storage after use and bringing new tools to the machine) * Separated each step involved in changeover to internal and external Separated activities for OP 20, OP 25, OP 30, OP 40, OP 60, OP 70, OP 80, OP 100 and OP 160 and added in the same table. Different external activities consist of: * Having everything prepared before stopping the machine (checklists) * Any preheating, pre-cleaning, presetting that could be completed * Standardizing changeover parts with attachments/improvements to help speed up centering and securing * Cleaning and keeping new changeover parts to be changedDefined activities for both team members During the next p hase of the project, I defined activities for both the team members involved in the changeover, i. e. the steps that must be performed by first operator and second operator were classified. The thought of parallel operations leads mainly to the following features: * Two or more people doing different jobs at the same time (e. g. : while first operator removing tool, second one bringing tool trolley in position in case of OP 20) Two people working together on one operation (e. g. : Both the operators changing over OP 40 A and OP 40 B simultaneously Others * Recorded the different tools and the auxillary equipments required to complete the changeeover * The different tools used in every step of changeover were noted down. * Bolt size of different allen screws were recorded * Auxillary equipments needed such as torque wrench, ratchet etc. were added in the same tabe * Organized changeover parts in the part trolleyAs part of the implementation of 5S system, inorder to reduce the part se arching time, each and every part involved in the changeover process were photographed. These photos were stick inside the machine tool trolley and hence the part searching time was reduced. * Improving location labeling to make items easier to find * Organized changeover parts in part trolley with photos having part number and part name on them * Hence reducing the time required for accessing the correct part * Deskilling and avoiding confusion SAMPLE PICTURE * The photographs were stick inside the tool trolley For different models, differents racks were provided so as to avoid confusion * In one rack, the space wasseparated inorder to fit to all the parts to be changed over All the above processes helped in reducing the part searching time and also worked as an alternate checklist. Also created a chelist of different parts to be changed for different operations. * Measured changeover time by station * Plotted graph with comparison of actual time taken by station for changeover to simulation * Plotted graph for total time taken for changeover for OP 20 to OP 180 Plotted graph for time taken to changeover from model 1. 0 to 1. 2 for OP 20 to OP 180 * Plotted graph for time taken to changeover from model 1. 0 to 1. 2 for OP 20 to OP 180 Suggestions * Providing power tool for all loosening and tightening processes instead of Allen key * Power tool will reduce about: 15 min for OP 20 3 min for OP 25 9 min for OP 30 * OP 40 * Changeover both OP 40 A and OP 40 B simultaneously * Reduce machine lockout time by making bed flush valve in action which was not noticed earlier * Hence solved problem of chips getting stuck in burr OP 60 * Get power tool * Change the tool tray (boxes) in which rollers are placed * Arrange rollers in boxes in same order that they are to be used * Stick colour codes on box also * Make arrangement loosen minimum number of bolts and adjust measuring probe * Provide power tool for OP 80 will reduce approximately 4 min * OP 160 * Provide a plast ic kit (box) with separations which can be taken and placed inside the machine through the side door which makes the operator not to lean in and out of machine each and every time * Bearing seal on the extreme is not used for 1. xSDE which is not required to be mounted * OP 10, OP 50, OP 70, OP 100, OP 110, OP 120 and OP 180 are already changed over in time or about time CONCLUSION At the end of the project, I was able to understand process of manufacturing crankshaft, different machines used in crank line and their uses, what is changeover and its use in the plant, advantages and disadvantages of changeover and importance of reducing changeover time. As a preliminary step to the project, I studied the basic idea of SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) and 5S techniques.Found out how SMED techniques can be used to reduce changeover time. During the project, I documented the whole process step by step for changeover for OP 20, OP 25, OP 30, OP 40, OP 60, OP 70, OP 80, OP 100 and OP 1 60. Organized these steps and created a changeover procedure table. Defined activities for both the team members involved in the changeover in the same table. Separated internal and external activities occurring during changeover and marked it in the changeover procedure table. Time taken for each step in the same table was also recorded (for OP 20, OP 25, OP 30 and OP 40).Reduced machine lockout time for OP 40 by making bed flush valve in action which was not noticed earlier and hence solved the problem of chips getting stuck in the burr and making the cleaning process long and difficult. The changeover parts in the part trolley were organized with the help of photos having part number and part name. Measured changeover time by station and plotted graphs: * Comparison of actual time taken by station for changeover with simulation time (For OP 20 to OP 180 for last 7 changeovers) * Total time taken for changeover by stations For OP 20 to OP 180 for last 7 changeovers) * Time taken f or changing over from 1. 0 xSDE to 1. 2 BDOHC (For OP 20 to OP 180 for last 4 changeovers) * Time taken for changing over from 1. 2 BDOHC to 1. 0 xSDE (For OP 20 to OP 180 for last 5 changeovers) Updated crank changeover board to reflect current by updating different graphs required and action plan. The process to implement continuous improvement on shop floor was understood and perfected. Different steps to decrease the time taken for changeover process and to bring it under OEM specified timing was suggested.

Entrance Nursing

Children pretend and use their imaginations to carry out their inner dreams. From playing doctor to wearing a firefighter’s hat as children we already have it set in our minds the roles we want to play in our adult lives. As a child I always had the desire to help people in need. If a friend fell while playing tag I would stop to help, when my younger siblings would cry I would always offer my candy and a hug. I learned that helping others made me feel good. It was something I loved.While becoming a woman I only embrace this love even more. Although I did not comprehend that these small gestures as a child would soon lead me into a path of nursing, I am truly aware that they have opened a place in my heart for a career as a nurse. Over the years I have assimilated the remedy of caring and understanding the medical needs of various individuals. I now understand that medical needs are not just cured with medicine alone; but with care, nurture and support received during the reco very period.For example, if you treat someone as if they are sick and not reinsure him or her that they can possibly get better; that person will continue to feel sick and have no ambition in recovery. I understand through my own personal experience that nurses/caregivers/doctors can pave the way for a person to find a balance and harmony within the mind, body and soul; which would promote a greater amount of health in a person and a sense of serenity. I believe through my life changing experiences I can make a difference in the lives of those in need and also helping those recover from their ailments.My first life changing experience was my first job at the age of 14. I received my working documents and had the privilege to work in the Admissions department at Metropolitan Hospital. The office was right outside the Emergency Room. I remember having front row seats to the different traumas that entered the hospital. The one experience that I will not forget was the time a teenage bo y was rushed in after being hit by a car while riding his bike. He was not severely hurt, just in pain waiting for his parents to arrive.My initial reaction was to help him and keep him company until his parents arrived. I was completely helpless but still felt the need to do something. The only thing that came to mind was purchasing the young boy a bag of potato chips and a can of soda from the vending machine. I gave it to him and he smiled and thanked me. I felt a sense of gratification but did not realize how much that small gesture helped him with his fear of being in the hospital. It made him comfortable and open to receiving care from the doctor if necessary and made me realize I wanted to pursue a career in nursing.My second life changing experience was in the year of 2007 in which I had the chance to participate in the delivery of a baby. My friend asked me to accompany her while she gave birth to her daughter. I was honored and extremely excited. I recall being extra suppo rtive during her periods of contractions; rubbing her back, getting her ice, assuring her that everything will be okay and telling her to breathe. I do not have any children of my own so this was all new to me yet I was ecstatic and prepared give all the help I could.I recall when it was time for her to deliver her baby; I held one leg while the nurse held the other. We both encouraged her to push and I held her hand at her request. I will never forget the feeling that I had from watching life being brought to this world. I also had a newfound respect for mothers, but also for nurses and doctors. I realized that working in this field is not a job but a lifestyle. You must prepare yourself for different situations such as births, deaths, and ailments. You have to be supportive and considerate to different kind of emotions.After taking place in this experience I have decided that I when I become a nurse I want to work in the Labor and Delivery unit. I want to contribute with bringing life to the world and happiness to an entire family. I enjoy being a part of that support system, especially for those mothers that do not have a support team of their own outside of the hospital staff. My final, but most important, life changing experience occurred in 2008. This was the year that I was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).As a teen many circumstances forced me to live on my own at the age of 16, yet I managed to graduate from high school and find a job working with the mentally disabled. At 18 years old, I got my own apartment and had took on the responsibility of caring for my two younger brothers, whom I provided both emotional and financial support to. I had to provide housing and try my hardest to teach them responsibility although I was learning myself. This caused me to have to take on more hours at work and play a major role I was much unprepared for.Throughout life I have been so focused on providing and supporting others that I forgot to properly care fo r myself. I ignored all the symptoms of my disease for years until my body finally gave up and I had to be hospitalized. Though this may seem like a detrimental period of my life, it wasn’t. I had lots of love from family and friends but the nurses played a significant role in my recovery; not just physically but emotionally, mentally and spiritually. They were very helpful, nurturing, kind, and thoughtful and gave me the confidence needed to pull through this tragic moment in my life.The nurses and doctors vigorously reassured me that things would get better. They gave me energy, made me smile, and most of all they helped prepare me for my journey ahead allowing me to deal with my life long friend (MS). This life changing experience gave me the opportunity to intertwine the incident of being the patient and learning how to properly treat and care for a patient when I start in my career of being a nurse. Medical care is much more than a prescription from a pad, a needle to th e vein, an x-ray or a simple checkup. It includes the love and care that comes from within.You need an attitude that will stand firm with the fight against an ailment as well as be understanding when a patient is giving a hard time because he or she is afraid and does not comprehend their situation. If given the opportunity of _________ (to attend your school or receive the scholarship, include names) _______________I am confident that it will lead to a better career and lifestyle not only for me but also for others. I plan to complete my degree in nursing and pursue a career as a nurse but most importantly as a great leader encouraging others with obstacles that their goals can be achieved.Although I have been faced with many obstacles in my life, I do not feel these obstacles should prevent me from achieving my goals therefore I do not plan to allow any circumstances to prohibit me from what I am striving for. My life changing experience has molded me into the woman I am today, pu shing me to work harder towards my goals. I am ready to combine both the knowledge that I have gained from my own personal experience and the knowledge I will embrace from attending classes, working with other individuals in this field, and research to actualize what I am destined to do; helping others.

A POSITIVELY EMPOWERED WOMAN MUST

A POSITIVELY EMPOWERED WOMAN MUST Know Herself An empowered woman knows who she is. Many women today feel as though they have lost themselves. Knowing yourself goes way beyond what you do or who you are. Knowing yourself means understanding your own strengths and weaknesses. The empowered woman knows the answers to, because the empowered woman understands who she is as a person. Keep Learning Never ever stop learning. Freeing and expanding your mind is one of the most imperative step toward empowering yourself, so educate yourself in any way you can. Even if you don’t have a formal education there are still plenty of ways to increase your knowledge on your own. A smart woman is an empowered woman. No one dare mess with thee Know What YOU Want Regardless of what the goals are, the empowered woman knows what she wants out of life. This enables her to act in ways that will move her closer to these goals. Be Independent Being comfortable with who you are, and knowing that you are strong enough to face any situation on your own, is an empowering feeling. It doesn’t matter whether you have a partner or not. Enjoying YOU time energizes your spirit in countless ways. While you’re out there living it up you’ll be building confidence and increasing your chances of knowing yourself better. Make Connections An empowered woman makes deep connections, both personal and professional. This means that she knows people, but it goes deeper than that. The empowered woman has a network of people that she has relationships with and can count on. The connections that an empowered woman makes are with people whom she can help and who can in turn help her to become a better person. Give Back When you help others, you help yourself. Give back to the community in any way you can and you will be rewarded in more ways than one. Giving back does not have to be a grand gesture. It’s as simple as saying good morning and holding the door for someone. Open your heart to others and they will open theirs to you. What a positively empowering act. Right! Dream Big Don’t be afraid to go after your dreams. No dream is too big or unobtainable. An empowered woman knows that she can accomplish anything she sets out to do, it is simply a matter of perseverance, believing in yourself, and following your heart. Listen to your heart. It was put there to empower you. Empower Others An empowered woman empowers others. An empowered woman can encourage other women to strive for what they want. She doesn’t pull people down but instead helps them to discover their full potential. This enables her to contribute positively to the lives of other women that she knows.

A Study on Total Quality Management and Lean Manufacturing Assignment

A Study on Total Quality Management and Lean Manufacturing - Assignment Example Critical assessment through the comparison of the two technologies and features of each is performed in this paper. With developments and advancements in the different fields of production, technology and manufacturing, the desire was felt for bringing about advanced methods of handling these functions. In effort to overcome the challenges and stay abreast with the demands of the times, two techniques were introduced. Each of these techniques was a gift of Japanese automobile manufacturing company- Toyota (Allen, 2010, 17). Since its introduction, this technique and methodology has found large amount of success and implementation across the world. There are certain key features to these two techniques. These two techniques are namely T.Q.M acronym for Total Quality Management and Lean Manufacturing. Each of these has its own characteristic features and functions associated with them. Part of the paper is aimed at understanding and finding the differences with regard to their implementation and specialization in terms of their operational scale and performance domain determination. The two concepts are the innovative ideas of the Toyota Production System that brought about these two concepts to advance and enhance the overall mechanism of production and manufacturing. Each of the aforementioned schemes of production and manufacturing related function is attributed to the purpose of bringing about improvement in the organizational outlook and overall quality of services and products that are manufactured by the given organizations. This particular case takes account of Toyota motors that incorporates these two functions and gains maximum amount of benefit from it through different mechanisms and integration in different environments. The case tries to present the different dimensions of the technology and techniques presented. It aims at understanding the

Fire service administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fire service administration - Essay Example In many cases, such fire may spread to the other households if it is not dealt with in time. For this reason, an education program would be set to educate people in my community concerning the dangers of fire due to electrical appliances and open fire. This program will help in reducing the cases of fire within the community. The key targets with the risk reduction education program are women of ages between 18 and 40. This is so because, this category of individuals are mostly involved with the electrical appliances and they are known to be exposed to candles. This means that women of ages between 18 and 40 do handle all the electrical cooking appliances at home. There are, therefore, the most vulnerable groups of individuals. If these individuals are educated on how to handle the electrical appliances and identify open fires, so as to avoid fires, then a greater magnitude of the fires would be reduced. By the end of this program, all the participants of the program would be able to identify the open fires. The participants would also be able to handle the electrical appliances with care so as to avoid the possibility of any fires. Additionally, the participants of the program would be able to identify the dangers of fire to an individual and the community. According to the prior research into the fire cases in this community, the major cause of fire is due to electrical appliances and open fires. In the past ten years, the fire department has responded to over 1,389500 fires (Chaloner 5). The effect of these fires is that it resulted into about 3000 civilian deaths, 1700 injuries to civilians, and approximately $ 12 billion of damaged properties. These fires were found to be structure fires (Wellman 12). This problem is experienced by all the residents of this community since they face devastating fire effects in their businesses, and homes. The cost involved in cleaning up and building back after the occurrence of a fire is equally monumental (Begon 33).

Tourist guide system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tourist guide system - Essay Example base stations such as chain of cell base stations, units that are designed to be hand-held that are based on Off-the-Shelf Fujitsu Team Pad Units and visitor’s information as reflected in the PC back at the office. These stations are PC’s that are standard that have a link to the internet as well as a WaveLAN Card. Thus, these base stations enable broadcasting of data and information that is within the vicinity and transmissions of position information from the local cells. Additionally, a GPS can be fitted if more accurate information is needed. In order to be able to retrieve data from the device, one need to press the ‘info’ button which then displays all the information about the visitor’s current position. The version in this project is an advanced version of the former that displayed a number of position choices on the tourist’s location. This is because unlike the project guide device, the former version of the guide device did not have the search engine (Andrew, 2009). However, using the new version, the visitors’ position can be identified using a Guide Tag Insert Position. This label is useful in identifying a visitor’s location in a dynamic way. For example, a tourist can identify their location by just asking a question on his or her location. This approach has got many advantages over the earlier approach. Using this guide a visitor is able to make bookings online, able to identify his location, make text messages and also able to navigate to various places. The earlier a pproach did not have the ability to identify the location of the visitor and also was not portable like the latest model. According to Martin 1994, push based strategy of information delivery is found in the communication between the tourist and the guide. The delivery of information in this case can be non-interactive or can be interactive. For example if the delivery of information is done through a radio or television then interactions between the buyer and the

Corporate Social Responsibility Master Case Study

Corporate Social Responsibility Master - Case Study Example It states the obligations of the company towards the process of making the profit and the obligation that it has towards those who are involved in the process and the impact on the environment. There has been more emphases on the need of the companies consider ethical practices in their business which has been driven by the increasing consumer awareness for the obligations that corporations have towards them and towards the environment. The new market trade has been dictated by the demands of the consumers to have eco-friendly process and goods which has been seen as one of the most important way in which companies can integrate ethical practices in their business processes. Therefore we can say the term corporate social responsibility has its roots on the moral obligation that companies have towards its workers, the shareholders, its customers, and toward the environment. It is a broad term that is supported by ethical theories of deontological theories and teleological theories that defines not only the moral obligations that we have in terms of the result of the process but also the moral obligating that we have in terms of all the factors that are involved in the production process. Most compan... en it as their sole responsibility to ensure that they integrate ethical practices in the production process and also in the all other areas pertaining to their operations. Most companies therefore look forward toward the release of their CRS end year report which has become one of the most anticipated even in the company's calendar. CRS activities have not only been serving as important process in the working of the company but they have also been an important way in which companies have been marketing themselves and identifying themselves with the surrounding communities. The concept has helped most company to play the moral obligation by caring out CRS programs that are aimed at raising the welfare of its workers, consumers and the environment. Sainsbury PLC. J. Sainsbury plc is one of the leading food retail in the UK and has been able to establish interest in non-food and financial services. The group is made up of server chains supermarket called Sainsbury's supermarket, Bells stores, Jacksons Stores, and Sainsbury Banks. The corporation employs more the 145,000 people in all its operations. The company has been in the market for along time and has built a business empire based on its principal of ensuring that they give their customers the best butter in the world and at the affordable price. It has aimed at cutting in niche in the market by becoming the leading consumer first choice for food, delivering of outstanding quality products at the most competitive price in the market. The company has been taking various steps towards ensuring that it satisfies its customers in terms of meeting their demands through delivery of high quality goods and through ensuring that it pays attention to the matters of the environment. Let us look at the CSR activities

Management of Heart Failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management of Heart Failure - Essay Example Hypertension may lead to heart failure. It increases the heart’s workload hence results in hypertrophy of cardiac muscle fibers. The filling of the heart is impaired during diastole. The hypertrophied ventricle fails to contract eventually and heart failure results. The nursing intervention implemented to prevent cardiac failure in this case is the administration of the antihypertensive medication to control blood pressure and maintain it within normal for the hypertensive patient. Another condition that may lead to cardiac failure is myocardial infarction. It refers to the cellular and the necrosis of the heart muscle tissue and it is irreversible that occurs as a result of prolonged ischemia. The contractility of the muscle is lost in the affected regions. If the affected regions are large complications arise and include cardiac failure. The appropriate nursing intervention to prevent progression to heart failure is by ensuring that the patient gets enough rest, administrati on of stool softeners to prevent straining, and giving of analgesics and the prescribed medication as ordered. The nurse should also insist that the patient should quit smoking. It refers to the inflammation that occurs in the cardiac muscle as a result of viral infection in most cases. The nursing interventions that need to be implemented to prevent heart failure include the administration of the prescribed medication as ordered aimed at treating the condition for example the steroids to combat the inflammatory process.

Are Black Afro Caribbean boys underachieving within the Education Dissertation

Are Black Afro Caribbean boys underachieving within the Education system that are born in the UK - Dissertation Example Out of all the communities, debate about children of Caribbean heritage has been most controversial. There is no denial of the fact that Caribbean children are under achieving in UK. In 2004, according to National Statistics, the lowest levels of GCSE attainment were among black Caribbean pupils, particularly boys. Only 27% of black Caribbean boys and 44% of black Caribbean girls were said to have achieved five or more A*-C grade GCSEs. (BBC News 2009). The statistical release issued by Department for Children, Schools and Families at National statistics UK has reported that in 2008/9 44.3 percent of Black African pupils achieved a good level of development. This is 7.3 percentage points below the national average; this difference in achievement shows a reduction from 2008 when it was 10.7 percentage points. In 2009 27.3 percent of Black African pupils were classified as being in the lowest achieving 20 percent of pupils, this is a reduction from 2007 when 30.2 percent of Black Afric an pupils were classified as being in this group. 43.0 percent of Black Caribbean pupils achieved a good level of development. This is 8.6 percentage points below the national average; this difference in achievement has reduced from 2008 when it was 9.4 percentage points. ... It became evident that children were treated with discrimination, being called dull, slow learners, UN responsive, troublesome, dull, low achievers, backwards and UN intelligent. Observing all this, black parents moved to draw public attention and demanded government to take concrete actions. Since 1960 government took many actions and policy initiatives however to this day, concerns remain in air about educational performance of these children and their treatment. The low achievement of Caribbean children is in great contrast to high achievements by children of other minority ethnic groups in UK. There are many theories available to explain this problem. These theories include low IQ, genetics, poor self esteem, racism against society and schools, race politics in UK, poor quality of schools and poor home environments of children. It is an important observation that educationalists and government view this problem with different perspectives. This paper is an endeavour to understand why black British children of African Caribbean origin achieve less in academics and are subject of increased expulsion from schools. In the UK, in the 1960s and ‘70s, Black children were routinely labelled â€Å"educationally sub-normal† (ESN) and confined to ESN schools, also known as sin-bins. The parents often did not challenge the verdict of the teachers and the schools, but just accepted the situation. One reason for underachievement of students has been indifference of parents towards the situation. Educationalist Dr Tony Sewell from UK has researched and stated as late as September 2010 that institutional racism in education has no part to play in the educational failure of African

Managing the Transition to Higher Education Essay

Managing the Transition to Higher Education - Essay Example The secondary goal is to increase the degree completion rate of students in urban areas. Students are helped to be more efficient in their college experience so they can complete their degree as quickly as possible to assume family and job obligations. Some schools have instituted joint marketing procedures to entice high school students who are deeply interested in an undergraduate degree. (Rivard, 2001) Advanced technologies encompassing the internet and online databases have been utilized to promote teaching and learning on campus. The very nature of technology requires colleges and universities to make rapid decisions with flexibility. Students are more adept with the internet use for their academic and social relationships. In general, universities have already made substantial commitments to ubiquitous computing facilities which allow the development of a common database for institutional use and sharing with other universities. The technologically advanced institutions can share the lessons learned, and solutions with universities that are still establishing their academic computing program. (Rivard, 2000) The quality assessment of teaching and learning effectiveness is directly linked to state funding.

The United States Consumption of Nonrenewable Resources Essay Example for Free

The United States Consumption of Nonrenewable Resources Essay The United States consumes 85% of nonrenewable energy sources to provide energy throughout the states: 40% comes from oil, 23% from natural gas, and 22% from coal. These nonrenewable energy sources are also called fossil fuels, which take about 300 million years in the making. Fossil fuels are termed nonrenewable because they are not easily reproduced. The U. S. can produce a considerable amount of petroleum. But the increased energy consumption leads to the gradual depletion of its petroleum reserves. Thus, U. S. has been importing oil since 1939. U. S. also depends on natural gas, which is a by-product of oil production. Since petroleum reserves of U. S. is depleting, production of natural gas is also affected. U. S. imports natural gas from Canada. About 27% of coal reserves is found in U. S. Since 1950, U. S. has been producing more coal than it can consume. U. S. exports the surplus to Canada, Brazil, and Italy among others. But U. S. coal reserves are also facing depletion. So coal exportation has decreased since 1991. Increased energy consumption can be attributed to increasing population, rapid industrialization, and continuous economic expansion. The increased energy consumption leads to the utilization of more of the now limited natural resources. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA), the United States’ total energy consumption is estimated to rise from 97. 7 to 136. 5 quadrillion Btu between 2002 and 2025. What will happen to U. S. ’s energy situation? One, continued use of fossil fuels will increase emission of carbon dioxide and will intensify today’s problem on global warming and acid rain. Two, since there is scarcity of nonrenewable energy sources, U. S. , in the future might exhaust all of these. Importation could be the next step, but budget should be considered. Last, U. S. might exhaust other countries’ sources on nonrenewable energy, too. When this happens, the world might experience the greatest energy crisis ever. Think wisely! Act wisely! Conserve energy now! References An Energy Overview  ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Energy Imports and Exports. (2008). libraryindex.com. Retrieved May 22, 2008, from http://www.libraryindex.com/pages/1486/An-Energy-Overview-ENERGY-IMPORTS-EXPORTS.html Conservation. (2008). Alternative Energy. Retrieved May 22, 2008, from http://www.altenergy.org/transition/conservation.html Energy Conservation. (2008). libraryindex.com. Retrieved May 22, 2008, from http://www.libraryindex.com/pages/1559/Energy-Conservation-FUTURE-TRENDS-IN-CONSERVATION.html Non-Renewable Energy. (2008). Alternative Energy. Retrieved May 22, 2008, from http://www.altenergy.org/transition/conservation.html Shepard, K. (2005–2006). Non-renewable Energy Sources. Peak to Prairie Home Inspection Service. Retrieved May 22, 2008, from http://www.peaktoprairie.com/?D=188

Swot Analysis and Gatorade Essay Example for Free

Swot Analysis and Gatorade Essay So team physicians got together and determined what exactly was the problem. The athletes suffered from a lack of electrolytes and carbohydrates, which was not being replenished with just water. The group of four physicians blended a drink that had the perfect balance of carbohydrates and electrolytes. The drink would prove to help the Gator football team perform better on the field, so naturally they called the drink â€Å"Gatorade. † What happened next was rather remarkable because the players started performing better. They finished with a record of 7-4 that season and the next season they finished with a record of 9-2, winning the Orange Bowl for the first time in school history. Eventually, the drink moved into the professional leagues and the first team to adopt it was the Kansas City Chiefs. The Chiefs had trouble practicing in the stifling heat of Missouri’s summer afternoons and they kept it on the sidelines the whole year. It resulted in the Chiefs beating the heavily favored Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl VI. Soon it became popular to have Gatorade on the sidelines and it started the sports drink category. By 1985, Gatorade had expanded its research in sports science by building the Gatorade Sports Science Institute. The Institute allows them to better understand the human body, its needs during the stress of competition and how to improve their products. 1 Product Features Gatorade helps performance in organs such as the kidneys, stomach, lungs, muscles and most importantly the brain. By battling dehydration, Gatorade fights off noticeable thirst, muscle cramps, weakness, decreased performance, nausea, fatigue, headaches and loss of focus. Gatorade’s all-important aspect of hydrating people, has carbohydrates to maintain energy levels during exercise, which water does not. Gatorade has greatly expanded the sports drink category since its conception in 1965 with drinks such as â€Å"Gatorade Rain†, â€Å"Gatorade Fierce† and as seen on the left â€Å"Gatorade G2. † 2 Current Branding Strategy †¢ Sports being Gatorade’s biggest focus, they brand themselves as the best sports drink for an athlete trying to reach their peak performance. †¢ They have done this through source credibility, by gathering a group of athletes like Peyton Manning, Dwyane Wade, Derek Jeter, Kevin Garnett and Michael Jordan. All of these athletes are memorable and influential to kids and adults, but Jordan has the most impact. †¢ Jordan probably has the most source credibility of anyone in sports, having him on their side has certainly helped. Michael Jordan, one of the greatest basketball players ev er, certainly helped Gatorade sales with campaigns like â€Å"Be Like, Mike. † Dewyane Wade, a Marquette University alumni, has been with Gatorade since 2005 3 Demographic The demographics of the Gatorade target market are active males, aged 18 to 25. They can be students, just starting their career, or well-established, regardless of status the majority of them believe they are athletic. They grew up idolizing many different sports athletes and teams, which still have an influence. They make a very wide variety of incomes because Gatorade is inexpensive. It could be anywhere from $10,000 to $60,000. Education could vary also, most have at least high school level education and some have college experience. Their attitudes can vary a little, but most of them are competitive, care about sports and enjoy their perspective athletic endeavors. The average customer for Gatorade is about 18-25 These types of consumers may also be interested in other sport-related clothing and accessories. They maybe interested in items such as jerseys, hats, shoes or anything that will show off their allegiance to a team, sport or player. 4 Competition PowerAde is the main competition for Gatorade, others like All Sport exist, but they do not present a challenge to Gatorade. The brand of PowerAde has essentially the same target market as Gatorade; 18 to 24 year old males who are engaged in athletics. However, PowerAde appears to be looking for the trendier types of consumers.

Matalan Architecture and Infrastructural Investigation

Matalan Architecture and Infrastructural Investigation Introduction to my Organisation BLAG I chose Matalan as my organisation to undertake my report on as it was the most convenient option since I work there part time and have worked with a lot of the systems they use currently. Matalan is a well-established fashion retailer based in knowsley and has over 200 stores across the U.K (Advameg, 2017). I decided to concentrate on a single store rather than the whole business as it would be too complex and be hard to gather all the information due to the wide scale of the company and this branch is called Matalan Sefton an is located on switch island retail park which is one of the first original stores to open in the company. I decided that the store was suitable store to use with the use of various technology used and the architecture and infrastructural system suggests that there was more than enough information that could be gathered in order to write an in depth report on. Collection of information Before I started any writing of the report I made sure had permission to discuss Matalans information and explained it was for not non-profession use. I originally asked my manager which she agreed to participate. However, as Matalan are a nationwide company a lot of their IT is out sourced and the manager gave me the number of the IT department. I rang explained the situation and organised a meeting at their head office in Knowsley lucky enough this is not too far away. I made a questionnaire and brought this to the meeting where I typed the answers and the information can be found in appendix. I also discussed the stores information system infrastructure and was shown the companies system model however I had to create my own version of this and this can be found in the appendix 2. During the process of the report I was in constant contact with my manager using verbal communication and any questions I needed to ask was solved by him this was particular useful for the type of hardwar e the store had as the meeting with head office was a brief overview of all the companies stores an werent specific. Report Findings The information gathered in this part is taken from appendixes 1, 2 3.1 Hardware Software The store has company standard three HP desktop PCs all have windows 10 implemented to be able to run the latest software to manage the store. Two of the desktops are located in the back office which are connected to the fax machine and printer. Another desktop PC is situated at the customer services help desk which is the most up to date out of them all due to the refurbishment of the store they decided to replace the old PC. This desktop PC is HP Pavilion 23 q141in N4R49AA Desktop PC with processor Speed of 2.2 GHz with 8GB of RAM this machine is used at the customer service desk and is used to search for delivers and return PayPal orders. The other latest Desktop PC is HP Pavilion p6-2014 Desktop PC Product with processor speed of 2.1 GHz and 8 GB of RAM this is used for the overall management of the store and this is connected to the fax machine HP 2140 Fax. The oldest is HP Pavilion p6112p Desktop PC with 8 GB RAM and 1TB hard drive and this desktop is connected to the HP LaserJ et P2035 mono printer which is a quite old machine in comparison with the rest of the hardware this is due the lack of use. On these Desktop PCs office 365 business is installed and is used to communicate by email, store data in the cloud and use the software available such as word, PowerPoint. Matalan use HP desktops as they have a good reputation for lasting long and have a few years warranty and have the necessary platforms them to run various software. The store also has three IP Phone devices all the same model called MiVoice 5330e which is used to exchange calls, voicemails and allow to hold the call. Matalan current use POS system called torex retail j this services allows the store to monitor transactions and stock levels, reports, manages the rota and manage the overall running of the store ect. (POSmatic Software, 2017) suggests that Point of Sale system is a connection with the hardware and software for checkoutsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ where individuals transport and place the items or products they have chosen to purchase from the locationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ so that credit card processing could be more easily and securely integrated. This system saves the company time as doing it manual would take time. The system also captures details of the customers and stores them on their Matalan card and on the database, it shows what the customer has purchased on the card. For the till points Matalan also used the software peninsula for their barcodes and have installed their peninsula barcode scanners called Phoenix II on each till point to scan the barcodes of products and any promotion codes that is valid. This software stores all the current barcodes for all the products in the system with the price and recognised them once scanned. Another software Matalan uses is Numero which is used to create reports on the performance level of the store and recognize different trends in the sales. For example, it will record hourly and daily totals then create graphs where you can compare the figures to different times for instances what was the sales total for this day 1 year ago and compare whether the business is up or down. These reports are useful for head office as it allows them to compare all 217 stores and gives them an idea which ones need to improve. Matalan also uses Remote Pensoft to which is a payroll system that hosts the payrolls then Matalan can gain access to the system and processes the payroll. The system calculations the taxes for each individual from their national insurance number. 3.2 Operating systems FINISH TONIGHT According to (Capron, Mitchell, Swaminathan, 2001) An operating system is a set of programs that lies between applications software and computer hardware; it is the fundamental software that controls access to all other software and hardware resources. Matalan use several computer systems as stated previous they use windows 10 on all desktop PCs as it run the necessary software the store needs to be able to run it successfully without any major problems. They also use this the manufacturer as they offer a graduate for all the product if something goes wrong. Matalan use torex retail j as their POS system to operating the till system and have had this system since 2013 and has served them well with not too many problems and if there is there is an on-call technician to combat any issues. 3.3 Networking Facilities (Englander Engl, 2014) indicated that networking is an essential component of modern technology infrastructure, providing the ability to interconnect devices to make it possible to share resources and services, to share and exchange data and knowledge and, even communicate. Matalan networking facilities is network connected online to the store server which is then permanently connected through the Ethernet to the head office. Matalan network exchanges real time information from head office to the back-office system vice versa to maintain information for every single transaction processed, to be able to check current stock, check delivery date, and to able to keep up with the latest promotions across Matalan. This network is suitable for a huge company like Matalan which is important to have a good infrastructure as it connects all the stores to one place to distribute data and communicate fast. 3.4 Security issues FINISH TONIGHT 3.5 Legal Ethical Requirements BLAG Data protection pci compliance It code of conduct As a company Matalan, must follow certain legislations with the importantly of the data they handle with certain penalties against the business if found not to be following. The company must follow the PCI compliance which (ControlScan, 2017) states is a set of security standards designed to ensure that ALL companies that accept, process, store or transmit credit card information maintain a secure environment. Matalan must be follow this compliance within all their stores as they are held liable if the business fails to follow the strict legislation and would result in the company being fined or sanctioned. Matalan lack of security would damage the customers trust in the business however Matalan currently have a strong security defend. The security solution has been invested in which is normally is issue when stores fail to follow due to the lack of budget. As Matalan store and use data they must follow the Data Protection Act which protects information held about people from being misused. According to Copyright, 2017, the Data Protection Act the information being stored must be: Obtained fairly and lawfully Used only for the purposes stated during collection Adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the intended use Accurate and up to date Not kept for longer than necessary Processed in line with your rights Subject to procedures to prevent unlawful processing, accidental loss, destruction and damage to personal data Protected from transfer to an area outside the European Economic Area (EEA) unless adequate protection exists for that data 3.6 Key Areas The Key areas for the Matalan is their head office department this is where the server replies on its network. I found this out first hand as a couple of months ago I was working on the tills the whole network went down which affected the chip and pin machines and this lead to the whole companies stores not being able to process no transactions with cards. The stores only back up were to use the old manual card imprinters which is not a very effective way to trade as it was time consuming. This highlights the importantly of computer systems for organisations as they are heavily reliant on them and wouldnt be able to cope with the demand. Systems Diagram Matalan current system infrastructure works effectively as it is simple and has good connectivity. However, I think the currently system should a back-up server in case anything goes wrong. This could be a network outside the company and in an emergency, there is that network to back it up which would decrease the chances of loss of earnings due to not being to complete sales. Strengths Weaknesses of the Organisations Computer Systems FINISH TINIGHT Technological Strategies FINISH TINIGHT New Emerging Technologies When we discussed new technology, we looked at rival retailers and what they had implemented. With most of the big companies have starting to use E receipts which is an electronic receipt that emailed to the costumer once they have they purchased items. This is beneficial to not only the customer but the store itself as it saves money on printing and paper cost. It also allows Matalan to market to customers and for the customer they are less likely to lose their receipts. Contactless is the latest technology hitting the high-street shops as it makes purchasing goods a lot easier and make transactions faster however Matalan havent yet implemented it into their stores but the manager stated that there has been talk of installing it this year across all store. A similar technology that could help the company sales is Apple/Android pay which is a digital wallet allowing safe payment by phone with finger print technology. This could increase sales as if the customer hasnt got any cash/card on them they could still purchase items and follows the same benefits as contactless. Matalan have a customer card system which the customer details are on the card allowing Matalan to market to the customer through email and send promotions. They have recently brought of a smartphone app called Matalan Reward Card App to replace the card, this has helped to promote offers by having the reward card on the app allowing the customer to see if they have any vouchers, alert customer if sale and update on the latest offers. Another form of technology Matalan could introduce to store is IPad and installed them to be able to order items into store for example large items like furniture as they only sell these on the website. References Advameg. (2017). Matalan PLC company profile, information, business description, history, background information on Matalan PLC. Retrieved from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/14/Matalan-PLC.html Capron, L., Mitchell, W., Swaminathan, A. (2001). Asset divestiture following horizontal acquisitions: A dynamic view. Strategic Management Journal, 22(9) Copyright. (2017, February 1). Data protection principles. Retrieved from https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/data-protection-principles/ Englander, I., Engl, I. (2014). The architecture of computer hardware, systems software, networking: An information technology approach (5th ed.). United States: John Wiley Sons. POSmatic, I., Software, P. (2017). Point of sale (POS). Retrieved from http://www.posmatic.com/point-of-sale/what-is-point-of-sale.php http://www.conceptdraw.com/How-To-Guide/LAN-Diagrams Appendices Appendix A Questionaire Matalan Questionnaire: What Hardware is available for the store? Including any specialised resources? 3 desktops Printer Fax machine What software is available for the store to use? Retail j Retail manager Numero software peninsula software Remote Pensoft- payroll Windows pro Webmail Are there any strategies for commissioning or developing new hardware or software resources? contactless What Operating System(s) is available for the store to use? Retail java pen Why is this operating system chosen to be used in store? What networking facilities does the store have? Are there any security issues on the network? What security features do you have in place to prevent security issues? Are there any new technologies helping to benefit the store? What are the legal/ethical requirements for the store? Data protection PCI compliance It code of conduct 10. How does Matalan benefit from utilising computer systems? Help trade Quicker Productivity increase Increase sales Management Appendix B Hardware Specifications

Periods Of English Literature :: essays research papers

Question: Show how the voices of writers through many centuries of literature have depicted a variety of mentalities and lifestyles. . Centuries could pass, and not many changes could be easily perceived by the common man, as those changes came gradually. Yet those changes can be readily discerned when looking at England as a whole, not looking at parts of history individually. The alterations of life, when looked at from a certain literary viewpoint, can be explained when one looks at the different periods in English literature, seeing the depictions of a certain era through writings that unintentionally convey great varieties in the mentality and lifestyles of the people who lived during that time. From war and violence to the more genteel inclinations of love and peace, English literature has evolved throughout the centuries, most especially if one considers the differences between the Old English, Renaissance and Romantic periods. The Anglo-Saxon history is undoubtedly very interesting to study, as the period spans several centuries and several different inhabitants of the land now known as England. The main characteristic of this time was the heroic ideal, which was the attempt by a hero to do things such as sailing a ship through a storm and taming a horse better than anyone else. The heroà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s first priority, however, was to always be ready to fight. The Angles were a heathen race, worshipping old Nordic gods and Wyrd (fate). It is very important to remember that it was the Anglo-Saxons who determined the basic language and culture of the English race, therefore it was them that were the foundation upon which literature would stand. The first literature found in the history of this period was during the reign of the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes. It was not really literature, in that it was written down by anybody, in mass-produced copies. The literature back then consisted of songs, sang b y bards, who embellished the story with every telling. It was only in later years that the tales were written down. This came about during the reign of Christianity, where the monks had tried to write down all of the tales that the bards sang, the ancient folk tales of the Anglo-Saxons. The monks also tried to infuse the Anglo-Saxons with a love for Christianity, where the heroes were Christ and his Apostles, by writing poetry such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Cinewulfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Dream of the Roodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?

The Never Ending Drug War Essay -- Drugs Narcotics Politics Essays

Narcotics, guns and violence, the powerful elements of the never ending war. All these elements are part of the campaign to rid the world of the disaster that drugs so ferociously have inflicted upon America. The war, created by The United States’ demand and government circumstances, has been fighting drug lords and opportunists. The United States has for the past three decades declared that it is in a full fledged attack against drugs and the violence it fosters. For decades billions and billons of dollars have been justified through the infamous War on Drugs. The drug problem has not stopped. The money and military activity have not been enough, and the â€Å"urban problem,† has not been solved. It is that our governments do not have the strategic smarts to solve the problem? The United States has the largest demand of drugs in the world. While other countries also face the drug problem, The United States has spent the most and its effectiveness is questionable. Tod ay’s â€Å"War on Drugs,† is merely the justification to the apprehension of many U.S. interest enemies and has been a loop hole to exploit many developing countries in South and Central America. The commerce that the narcotics create transcends the social, economic, political and cultural aspects. The corruption that the United States is trying to fight will not end as long as the organized corruption and demand in the United States is in existence. The demand for narcotics in the United States has remained very strong, and even increased, since the War on Drugs was declared. The United States continually points to the suppliers of the narcotics and foreign mafia bosses who run organizations as the primary causes of the difficulty of the War. It is portrayed by the media... ... Department of Health and Human Resources. 29 May 2014 . PBS Online. Frontline: drug wars. 04 Feb 2000. PBS Online, wgbh/Frontline. 27 May 2014 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/interviews/ochoajorge.html. Robinson, Matthew B. Major Source of Data on Drug Use. JusticeBlind. 20 May 2014 . Stossel, John. Is it Time to End the War on Drugs? 30 Jul. 2004. ABCNews. 05 May 2014 Walters, John P. Drug Use Trends – Factsheet. 10 Dec. 2003 Executive Office of the President: Office of National Drug Control Policy. 27 May 2014 . Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States. Monroe: Common Courage Press, 1980.

Mary McLeod Bethune Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mary McLeod Bethune was an innovative leader because she took a story which was largely latent in the population, equal education rights for black children, and brought it to national prominence through the creation of the Bethune-Cookman college. She was also a visionary leader because of the incredible success she was able to attain in advancing the cause of equal education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bethune was such an effective leader because both she completely embodied her story and it became completely central to her life and persona. Bethune was able to embark on her incredible quest because of the educational opportunities she was provided by missionary teachers and therefore dedicated her life to ensuring that every black child had the opportunity to advance and prove themselves through education. In Leading Minds, Howard Gardner describes the many characteristics which comprise his cognitive model of leadership. In this brief biographical excerpt, Bethune meets them all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the characteristics Gardner uses to quantify cognitive leadership is the acquisition of power and the use of this power to implement policy. The segregated and patriarchical nature of the society Bethune lived in made it extremely difficult for her advance herself or her vision of equal opportunity education. However, despite these challenges, she was able to rise to a position of national prominence as a director of the divisi...

Impacts of Immigrants in Belize

Immigrants are generally understood to be persons who leave their country to settle in another counter usually for permanent residence. These people are sometimes referred to as aliens; these are persons who do not owe allegiance to their country. Allegiance is a form of fidelity said to be shown by the part of a citizen to his/her state. In contrast if the immigrant does not owe allegiance to his/her country and that person violate rules, laws, policies or customs of a foreign country then this person is known as an illegal alien. The role of immigrants has for a long time created significant interest among policy makers. Issues concerning the amount of immigrants allowed to enter a country have risen. The mostly known nation of immigration is the U. S. but as Belizeans leave in search for â€Å"a decent living† in the U. S. , many other Central American immigrants enter Belize. Many people migrate for many reasons for example to join family members who have migrated in past years, to search for economic opportunities, to escape maltreatment or sometimes for the simple reason that they want a fresh start. Immigrants/immigration, have been a controversy within Belizean societies over the past years where economic growth created by some of these immigrant populations, is linked to the growing aspect of crime, invasion as opposed to population stabilization and Native employment to self employment. Do immigrants take away the jobs of Belizeans? Many times when natives are asked for reasons for their unemployment, they respond by saying that people that are entering the country have been taking their jobs. This view of immigrants has increased because of the success in the economic sector. When immigrants enter the country, they come entrepreneurially meaning the lack the experience to be employed. This means that the do not possess the expertise to own a business to employ people. Therefore they self employ themselves. Producing small amounts of goods for their daily survival. Belize is known to be a third world country, therefore; this small country is growing economically. Belize is a small country with a small population; therefore we are impacted in some way or the other with immigrants. The term immigrants mean foreigners coming from outside countries to reside in our society. We really do not know who they are and what their intentions are to live in Belize. That is why it is important to learn why they decide to live in our country other than theirs. Such in the case of the Mennonites for example, where they aid Belize in the agriculture field; they produce many or most of Belize’s vegetables. Over the past years they have extended their efforts to export goods to foreign countries and with agreement with the government, some of the income generated stay for the government of Belize. Therefore these Mennonites have become an integral part of our society. If the Mennonites were not around, where would all the chickens come from that are consumed today and the agricultural goods such as corn, vegetables, eggs, compost, etc. They have taken and wisely created a link between their farming and sustainably using their land. Their expertise is second to none here in Belize, so we are very thankful for them. According to Roessingh â€Å"the Mennonites have made a very positive contribution to Belize, mainly in the agricultural field and are responsible for a large portion of the products available in Belize. They have what is called a Calvinistic work ethic which says that hard work and frugality is the key to success and leading a good life† (110). Furthermore another group of peole that are vital to societies throughout Belize is the Asian community. These people have successfully opened grocery stores, supermarkets and restaurants in every urban area of Belize, and even in some rural ones. Their propensity for obtaining goods at lower prices means that a lot of items that are considered necessities are affordable. On top of that their conveniently located stores make them essential for the many little small purchases that are conducted daily. Their fast-food restaurants are essential to many Belizean in the way that many people have to get to work early in the morning so these restaurants is the easiest and most common way to access daily meals. Some of the more affordable fast-foods today provided by the Chinese is their fried-chicken and chow-mien and burgers to name a few. For a relatively small sum, one can purchase a full meal that can feed the entire family. Many perceptions of these immigrants have been coming to light over the past years. Perceptions such like people saying that these Asians for example, are making the most money. Some xenophobic individuals or groups in Belize constantly rail against, or in some cases, commit violence against these ethnic groups, particularly those who are dominant in the economic sectors, or those who seem to be taking all the positions of gainful employment; point in case, the recent murders of two female Chinese merchants (Channel 5 Belize). This caused these communities to close their shops for a whole day in respect for their lost one. What did this lead to? In Belmopan for example, most of the supermarkets and stores belong to Asian communities and there was a difficulty in getting goods purchasing merchandise. What would happen if these people close down their stores? So these Belizeans commit crime against these people without knowing the fact that we cannot survive without these populations of immigrants. According to Belize Report volume 5, number 1. Feb. 1999, each immigrant must have a work permit for them to get a job. Why? It is because in the past when they came into Belize they were able to get a job in almost any filed of work. Also, it has created poverty. It is common sense that without a job there is no source of income maintained in a household. This causes a stress on the man in the house because he will not know how to bring food to his families. On the other hand, others who have a job may not have the sufficient income to pay off debts. Immigrants are also satisfied with low income employment. They really do not care about what type of jobs they have or how much they are paid. Once they have a job, they feel good. Does this affect Belizeans on a whole? Many may say that they are taking the jobs of Belizeans but I the income generated by a job is low, why pay a high rates. Many Belizeans are uneducated unaware and uninformed and they will always want to receive more in anything they do. This phenomenon has been going on for years and because of their selfishness they always think that immigrants are taking their jobs . (â€Å"Jobs† Immigration Policy Issues May 2010. March 2011. ). Searching for jobs is one of the aspects of immigration but is there always benefit with people coming in our country? It has been proven that some immigrants bring along some form of crime. From where do you think most gangs originated in the country of Belize? There are gangs under the name of ‘Bloods’, Crips, ‘Mara Salvatrucha’, and so forth. All these gangs have been heard of in our daily news cast. This type of immigration does affect in a way that harms our Belizean people. A perfect example is â€Å"Ontario Village at mile 55 on the Western Highway has been known in the recent past for outbreaks in gang activity. One of those incidents caused Justin Jones to relocate in order to avoid further trouble with fellow village youths† (â€Å"Two Murders Before The New Year† The Belize Times 9 Jan. 2011: Print. ). Our young people are now joining these gangs and participate in more serious acts. How will our country prosper if our young people continue behaving this way? This is not good at all. We need to do something for this to change. Crime has also decreased tourism; many tourists who come for vacations are murdered in our country (â€Å"Crime† Travel Report Belize 24 Feb. 2011. 28 Mar. 2011. < http://www. voyage. gc. ca/countries_pays/report_rapport-eng. asp? id=29000>). We for example would be afraid to be walking in the streets and know that we can be robbed or killed by such criminals. Many of these immigrants are involved in crimes such as machete fights, robberies, to name a few and these are increasing as days go by. Many Belizeans that have been a suspect to these persons have received serious injuries such as gunshot wounds and stab wounds. Today the main immigrants who are involved in crimes, include these Guatemalans that enter our country to extract goods from Belize’s forest. Armed robberies at archaeological sites, protected areas and frequented areas by visitors have been of concern over several years now. According to the Travel State. Gov, On February10, 2009, four American and two Canadian tourists accompanied by two Belizean tour guides were the victims of a robbery outside Rio Frio Cave in the Mountain Pine Ridge area. On September 15, 2009, two tourists at the Blue Hole National Park were robbed by two men wearing masks and carrying knives. In 1987, businesses that hired immigrant workers were penalized because it was discovered that majority of the immigrants were involved in a lot of crime. During that time, most of the crime was focused on the northern part of Belize (â€Å"Belize Crime† 4Nov. 2010. The Library of Congress Country Studies and the CIA World Fact book 28 Mar. 2011. ). These crime incidents that occur against people mostly occur with illegals. They are still referred to as immigrants but they are now illegal aliens. These are the ones that cause the perception that all immigrants a detrimental to our country. Belizeans views it only in one way without thinking the benefit they get. This causes some conflict where they now feel like immigrant are invading the country. This now leads to Belizeans leaving the country. Does it negatively or positively affect the country? As people migrate into Belize, people move out. We in turn become immigrants in other countries. This has shown that in some form, as Belizeans go out of the country, people migrate in this stabilizes the population of the country. Population growth is an underlying cause that affects every single country around the world. According to the Expat World book, Belize is under populated. This means that if there were not people who migrated day by day, there would be a dramatic rate of under population according to the holding capacity of the country. So immigration has helped stabilize the trend and a steady increase other than a dramatic increase of population has occurred. After investigating the risks of emigrating and safety of migrating, it is concluded that it doesn’t matter at which side of the door Belizeans are, the dangers are unavoidable. Whether people choose to support in giving immigrants space and encouraging them to becoming active parts in Belizean society or if they think that immigrants must be eliminated from the country, the negative impacts will be the same. It is a phenomenon that will be in place for ever and cannot be stopped. It is not we support in opening borders in any country, it is just that no matter what the circumstances is immigration will occur and there is nothing to do to stop it. No matter how bias Belizeans are. However, in the same aspect that Belizeans migrate to other countries and others come in to Belize these people deserve to live without fear, raise their children in a safe environment and be accepted as citizen; the same way we Belizeans want to be treated abroad. The question that is asked is, â€Å"do these immigrants harm Belizean societies? † in turn deserves to be answered. On one point of view, immigrants do pose some kind of threat in some societies. For example threats to security and place the future at risk. But, this can happen if we natives permit it. On the other hand, immigrants fill job spaces that many in Belize don’t want to take. In turn they work for lesser income than other Belizeans, later on adopt and adapt themselves to customs of Belize. Yes it is believed that immigrants cause harm to Belize in some ways, but the question to be asked instead of the previously mentioned is, do the negative impacts outweigh the positive impacts that immigrant’s presence bring to Belize? With supporting evidence mention in previous sections, it is concluded that yes immigrants cause some harm in some sectors but they bring better than harm.

Moral Panic Definition Essay

Deborah Cameron is a linguist whose focus research is on what people’s attitudes are towards language. She writes a long definition on moral panic in Verbal Hygiene explaining how the media and general public exaggerate concerns beyond reason. Cameron reports that Jock Young describes moral panic as the public’s reaction that is â€Å"completely disproportionate to the actual problem.† Cameron explains that the causes of moral panic are analyzed in a simplistic manner, but the concern to the problem escalates to intolerable levels. She uses the term â€Å"folk devil† as an example of how they are identified in gang related violence and is a scape goat to the exaggerated issues reported by the media. Cameron also states from what scholars have suggested â€Å"that moral panic†¦is a product of modern mass media†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , if there is media attention the event will turn into an issue. However, if the media does not give attention, then the event wil l go unnoticed. In â€Å"American Werewolf in Kabul†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sean Brayton, a Ph.D student researching the specifics of critical race theory and media studies, analyzes the concept of moral panic as being an important cause of the potential threat of national security to the United States of America. He illustrates the three main elements of moral panic: folk devils, ambiguous terms, and moral entrepreneurs using the reality of John Walker Lindh’s journey through multiple identities. Comparing Cameron’s definition of moral panic to Brayton’s discussion of moral panic, which originated from Cohen’s developed description of the context in 1972, there is agreement that media overemphasize concerns beyond practicality. Both Cameron and Brayton use the term â€Å"folk devils† to represent a subgroup of individuals that is a leading cause of moral panic, yet with different purposes. Cameron suggests that the term â€Å"folk devil† is usually branded to social minorities that bear the burden enmity and blame by the socially ideal majority, whereas Brayton expands Cohen’s understanding of the term as a threat to the moral constitution of society on the whole. Although their research areas are not of a similar context, they both relate their writing to a â€Å"cultural history† in an era of media induced politics. As the previous paragraphs mentioned, the term â€Å"moral panic† is applied in both Cameron and Brayton’s writing, which Cameron realizes the crucial influence to expanded reports, while Brayton blames that those reports magnify the guilty to the individuals who commit. According to Brayton, three essential elements can be found in the concept moral panic: folk devils, moral entrepreneur, and ambiguous terms. Those elements are perfectly applied to a real life example during WWII, most of the innocent Japanese-Americans (devil folks) were forced to move into the internment camp by the U.S.A. Government (moral entrepreneur) after American military base in Pearl Harbour was destroyed by Japanese army. The U.S.A. Government treated the Japanese-Americans unfairly, as national enemies, traitors, or spies for the ir homeland (defined terms). Cameron is a linguist and uses moral panic theory to explain why negative attitudes arose toward youth literacy in 1980 – 1990’s England. Brayton looks at moral panic theory from the perspective of cultural politics and how moral panic was used post – 9/11 to preserve American ideals and create separation from conflicting cultural values. In both cases, Cameron and Brayton use moral panic theory to understand a culture’s reaction to some social problem exaggerated by the media. Moral panic theory provides researchers with a method of analyzing a situation resulting from a moral panic. Moral panic is, as Cameron describes, a problem â€Å"†¦discussed in an obsessive, moralistic and alarmist manner†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The theory may also be a useful model for researchers dealing with the study of human behavior or culture, such as cultural history, social theory, criminology, and anthropology. In particular, it could be useful in studying the effects of med ia on culture.

Strategic Implications of a Swot Analysis

Name: – Nana Kesewaa Dankwa Index Number:-PGDBA/PM/022/0912 EVALUATE THE STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE SWOT ANALYSIS MODEL OF AN ORGANIZATION OF YOUR CHOICE. Introduction: Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis is an important device for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of an organisation and its environment. It aims to elicit tactics which will generate an organisation specific operational model that will best align an organization’s resources and capabilities to the requirements of the environment in which the firm operates (www. anagementstudyguide. com). Therefore, for any organisation to survive and achieve its mandate, it needs to strategically and competently undertake a SWOT analysis of its environment to fashion out activities which will enable it pursue and achieve its mission and vision. The Internal Audit Agency The organisation selected for this assignment is the Internal Audit Agency (IAA). The IAA was establish ed by the Internal Audit Agency Act 2003 (Act 658).The Agency’s mission is to exercise oversight responsibility over internal audit practice in the public service by setting standards, providing quality assurance and supporting capacity building for good corporate governance, effective risk management and controls through highly skilled and motivated workforce. Its vision is to be a Centre of Excellence in Africa in promoting best practices in internal auditing. The strategies adopted by the Agency to achieve its set objectives include; 1.Effectively promoting internal audit practice in Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) and Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs) 2. Increasing public access to information on internal audit activities 3. Creating a congenial environment for high performance work in the Internal Audit Agency 4. Improving good governance and accountability in MDAs and MMDAs SWOT Analysis Model of the Internal Audit Agency StrengthsWeakn essesOpportunitiesThreats Congenial relationship between Board, management and staffConducive work environment Approved Scheme of ServiceLow morale of staff due to improper placement Support of the Presidency Legal backing for IAA work Independent Judiciary Good relationship with central management agencies (CMAs)Lack of continuous political commitment Poaching of internal audit skills by other institutions. High quality of staff (competence and qualifications) Proactive Leadership Supportive Board Youthful and energetic staff Cordial working relationship Good corporate imageInadequate training for staffInadequate office accommodation Inadequate Staff numbers Govt committed to developing internal audit function Appreciable number of qualified personnel available in Ghana Goodwill of suppliers and service providers International recognition Availability of curricula for training internal auditors in tertiary institutions. Poaching of key staff from IAA Publicity on negative activitie s by staff of Internal Audit Units (IAUs) The perception that corrupt practices are â€Å"normal† Misconception of the role of IAUs.INTRANET – facilitates communication within IAA INTERNET – facilitates communication of IAA with the external world Availability of ICT Tools Availability of a websiteHigh downtime for office equipment. Non-availability of electronic recording equipment Inadequate & outdated ICT equipmentPotential to Network with all MDAs and MMDAs. Emerging technologies to facilitate conduct of internal audit functions (e. g. Audit Software) Implementation of GIFMISComputer Viruses & FraudsPoor ICT infrastructure and geographical spread of MDAs and MMDAs Frequent power outages. Legal mandate by an Act of Parliament, Act 658 Availability of conditions of serviceLack of enforcement powers. High demand by MDAs and MMDAs to get services of internal audit Legislation in areas such as labour, compensation and health and safety Non-transmittal of IAA Annu al Report to Parliament Inability to enforce prosecution of liable public service staff Inadequate authority to enforce implementation of audit recommendationsStrategic Implications of the SWOT Analysis model of the Internal Audit Agency The Internal Audit Agency’s SWOT Analysis model was done to be able assist the AGENCY ACHIEVE ITS OBJECTIVES . it is legally mandated to achieve its Now the strategies of the agency were drawn out the swoty analysis done the agency drew all its strengths The strategies of the IAA have been formulated to assist the organisation achieve its mission and vision. These strategies have been designed taking cognisance of the objectives defined for the Agency in Act 658.The SWOT analyses undertaken by the IAA adequately scan the Agency’s environment and have appropriately ascribed both external and internal environmental issues. The Agency’s SWOT model has captured detailed internal and external environmental issues which would place th e Agency in a proper position to adequately pursue and achieve its goal and objectives with minimal adversity and a well prepared system as it has anticipated all the positive and negative internal and external issues which could respectively support or derail its efforts towards achieving its objectives.However, the Agency’s SWOT model is highly subjective as these strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are based massively on the perceptions of the staff undertaking the exercise. The methods of identifying these environmental issues are not scientific as the Agency failed to provide any basis to that effect in their strategic plan for 2011- 2015. Conclusion SWOT analysis is a powerful tool for the systematic analysis of internal and external environments of an organization. It aids in effectively identifying problems and drawing lines of future actions to eliminate or ameliorate these problems.

US History Journal

Don't forget to add De tails! (1 point) When had to leave my home I was not allowed to take what I wanted, I was f arced to take what the army allowed me to take and it is almost winter. When where now traveling and we needed food, so I had to hunt but my gun was taken, luckily I had my blowhard gun. I killed a small deer and everyone wanted a pie We had arrived at the Mississippi River and had to cross, my cousin and grand father had drown but had to continue. 4. These ideas will become the body sentences of your paragraph. What is the e best order for these ideas? Number them in the order you think they should go.Don't worry if you need to reword some of them. And it's O. K. To leave out an idea if it doesn't seem to if t, but you need at least three examples. (1 point) 1. Leave my home and only able to pack what the army will allow, it is almost winter. 2. Have to hunt with a blowhard gun because my gun was taken away. 3. Have to cross the Mississippi river and loved ones drown bu t I continue 4. Have reached Tattletale, Oklahoma, many loved ones have died 5. You need a topic sentence now. Is there a word or idea that describes all of your experiences? Maybe something like this: My experience on the Trail Of Tears made me angry.Or, the Trail of Tears was a terrible experience. (1 point) The Trail of Tears was the worst experience of my life. Writing Assignment Write a complete paragraph that describes your experiences on the Trail of Et ears. Use the topic sentence and support you completed in the preprinting section. Add a co inclusion to finish your thoughts. Be sure to use lots of good detail. Of course, if you need to add other ideas, you can do that, too. This assignment is worth 15 points. The Trail of Tears was the worst experience of my life. It began when my family yell had to our my home. I was not allowed to take what wanted, was forced to take what the army